2023년 6월 고1 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

Individuals who perform at a ____ level in their profession often have instant credibility with others.

People admire them, they want to be like them, ____ they feel connected to them.

When they speak, others listen ― even if the area of their skill has nothing to do with ____ advice they give.

Think ____ a worldfamous basketball player.

He has made more money from endorsements than he ever did playing ____

Is it because of his knowledge of the ____ he endorses?

No. It’s because of ____ he can do with a basketball.

The same ____ be said of an Olympic medalist swimmer.

People listen to ____ because of what he can do in the pool.

And when an actor tells us we should drive a certain car, we don’t ____ because of his expertise on engines.

We listen because we ____ his talent. Excellence connects.

If you possess a high level ____ ability in an area, others may desire to connect with you because of it.

Think of the brain as a city. If you were to look out over a city and ask “where ____ the economy located?” you’d see there’s no good answer to the question.

Instead, the economy emerges from the interaction of all the elements ― from the stores and the ____ to the merchants and the customers.

And ____ it is with the brain’s operation: it doesn’t happen in one spot.

____ as in a city, no neighborhood of the brain operates in isolation.

In brains and in cities, everything emerges from the interaction between residents, at all scales, ____ and distantly.

Just as trains bring materials and textiles into a city, ____ become processed into the economy, so the raw electrochemical signals from sensory organs are transported along superhighways of neurons.

There the signals undergo processing and ____ into our conscious reality.

Someone else’s body language affects our own body, which ____ creates an emotional echo that makes us feel accordingly.

As Louis ____ sang, “When you’re smiling, the whole world smiles with you.”

If copying another’s ____ makes us feel happy, the emotion of the smiler has been transmitted via our body.

Strange as it may sound, ____ theory states that emotions arise from our bodies.

For example, our ____ can be improved by simply lifting up the corners of our mouth.

If people are asked to bite down on a pencil lengthwise, taking care not to let the pencil touch their lips (thus forcing the mouth into a smilelike shape), they ____ cartoons funnier than if they have been asked to frown.

____ primacy of the body is sometimes summarized in the phrase “I must be afraid, because I’m running.”

Restricting the number of items customers can ____ boosts sales.

Brian Wansink, Professor of Marketing at Cornell University, investigated the effectiveness of this tactic in ____

He persuaded three supermarkets in Sioux City, Iowa, to offer ____ soup at a small discount: 79 cents rather than 89 cents.

The discounted soup was sold in one of three conditions: a control, where there was no limit on the volume ____ purchases, or two tests, where customers were limited to either four or twelve cans.

In the unlimited condition shoppers bought ____ cans on average, whereas in the scarce condition, when there was a limit, they bought 5.3 on average.

This suggests scarcity encourages ____

The findings are particularly strong because ____ test took place in a supermarket with genuine shoppers.

____ didn’t rely on claimed data, nor was it held in a laboratory where consumers might behave differently.

Although technology has ____ potential to increase productivity, it can also have a negative impact on productivity.

For example, in many office ____ workers sit at desks with computers and have access to the internet.

They ____ able to check their personal emails and use social media whenever they want to.

This can stop them ____ doing their work and make them less productive.

Introducing new technology can also have a negative impact on production ____ it causes a change to the production process or requires workers to learn a new system.

Learning to use new ____ can be time consuming and stressful for workers and this can cause a decline in productivity.

Up until about 6,000 years ago, most ____ were farmers.

Many lived in different places throughout the year, hunting for food or moving their ____ to areas with enough food.

There was no need to tell the time because ____ depended on natural cycles, such as the changing seasons or sunrise and sunset.

Gradually more people started to live in larger ____ and some needed to tell the time.

For example, priests wanted to ____ when to carry out religious ceremonies.

This was when people first invented clocks ____ devices that show, measure, and keep track of passing time.

Clocks have been ____ ever since.

Today, clocks are used for important things such as setting busy airport timetables ― if the time is incorrect, aeroplanes might crash into ____ other when taking off or landing!

Managers are always ____ for ways to increase productivity, which is the ratio of costs to output in production.

Adam ____ writing when the manufacturing industry was new, described a way that production could be made more efficient, known as the “division of labor.”

Making most manufactured ____ involves several different processes using different skills.

Smith’s example was the manufacture of pins: the wire is straightened, sharpened, a head is put on, and ____ it is polished.

One worker could do all these tasks, and make 20 pins in ____ day.

But ____ work can be divided into its separate processes, with a number of workers each performing one task.

Because each ____ specializes in one job, he or she can work much faster without changing from one task to another.

Now 10 workers can produce thousands of pins in a day — a huge increase in ____ from the 200 they would have produced before.

Sometimes the ____ of change is far slower.

The face you saw reflected in your mirror this morning probably appeared no different from the ____ you saw the day before ― or a week or a month ago.

Yet we know that the face that stares back at us from the glass is not the same, cannot be the same, as it was ____ minutes ago.

____ proof is in your photo album:

Look at ____ photograph taken of yourself 5 or 10 years ago and you see clear differences between the face in the snapshot and the face in your mirror.

If you lived in a world without mirrors for a ____ and then saw your reflection, you might be surprised by the change.

After an interval of 10 years without seeing yourself, you might not at first recognize the person peering from the ____

Even something as basic as our own face changes ____ moment to moment.

According to ____ psychologist Susan Engel, curiosity begins to decrease as young as four years old.

By the time we are adults, we have fewer questions and ____ default settings.

As Henry James put it, “Disinterested curiosity is ____ the mental grooves and channels set.”

The decline in curiosity can be traced ____ the development of the brain through childhood.

Though smaller than the adult brain, the infant brain contains ____ more neural connections.

The wiring, however, is a mess; the lines of communication between infant ____ are far less efficient than between those in the adult brain.

The baby’s perception of the world is consequently both intensely rich and ____ disordered.

As children absorb more evidence from the world around them, certain possibilities become much more likely and more useful ____ harden into knowledge or beliefs.

The neural pathways that enable those beliefs become faster and more automatic, while the ones that the ____ doesn’t use regularly are pruned away.

Nearly eight of ten U.S. adults believe there are “good ____ and “bad foods.”

Unless we’re talking about spoiled stew, ____ mushrooms, or something similar, however, no foods can be labeled as either good or bad.

There are, however, combinations ____ foods that add up to a healthful or unhealthful diet.

Consider the case of an adult who eats only foods thought of as “good” ― for example, raw broccoli, ____ orange juice, boiled tofu, and carrots.

Although all these foods are nutrientdense, they do not add up to a healthy diet because they don’t supply ____ wide enough variety of the nutrients we need.

Or take the case of the teenager who ____ eats fried chicken, but otherwise stays away from fried foods.

The occasional fried chicken isn’t going to knock ____ or her diet off track.

But the person who eats fried foods every day, with few vegetables or fruits, and loads up on supersized soft drinks, candy, and chips for ____ has a bad diet.

Unlike the common belief, defining foods as good or bad is not appropriate; in fact, a healthy diet is determined largely by what the diet is composed ____