2024년 3월 고1 모의고사 변형문제 (31-42번)

Every ____ has certain climatic requirements — what degree of heat or cold it can endure, for example.

____ the climate changes, the places that satisfy those requirements change, too.

Species ____ forced to follow.

All creatures are capable of some degree ____ movement.

Even creatures that appear immobile, like trees and barnacles, are capable of dispersal at some stage of their ____ — as a seed, in the case of the tree, or as a larva, in the case of the barnacle.

A creature must get from ____ place it is born — often occupied by its parent — to a place where it can survive, grow, and reproduce.

From fossils, scientists know that even creatures like trees moved with surprising speed during past ____ of climate change.

No respectable boss would say, “I make it a point to discourage my staff from speaking up, and I maintain ____ culture that prevents disagreeing viewpoints from ever getting aired.”

If anything, most bosses even say that they ____ pro-dissent.

This idea can be found throughout the series of conversations with corporate, university, and nonprofit leaders, ____ weekly in the business sections of newspapers.

In the ____ the featured leaders are asked about their management techniques, and regularly claim to continually encourage internal protest from more junior staffers.

As Bot Pittman remarked in one of these conversations: “I want us to listen to these dissenters because they may intend to tell you why ____ can’t do something, but if you listen hard, what they’re really telling you is what you must do to get something done.”

One of the most striking characteristics of a sleeping animal or ____ is that they do not respond normally to environmental stimuli.

If you open the eyelids of a ____ mammal the eyes will not see normally—they are functionally blind.

Some visual information apparently gets in, but it is ____ normally processed as it is shortened or weakened; same with the other sensing systems.

Stimuli are registered but not processed normally and they fail ____ wake the individual.

Perceptual disengagement probably serves the function of protecting sleep, so some authors do not count it as part of the definition of sleep ____

But as sleep would be ____ without it, it seems essential to its definition.

Nevertheless, many animals (including humans) use the ____ state of drowsiness to derive some benefits of sleep without total perceptual disengagement.

A number of research studies have shown how experts in a field often ____ difficulties when introducing newcomers to that field.

For example, in a genuine training situation, Dr Pamela ____ found that people expert in using mobile phones were remarkably less accurate than novice phone users in judging how long it takes people to learn to use the phones.

Experts can become insensitive to how ____ a task is for the beginner, an effect referred to as the ‘curse of knowledge’.

Dr Hinds was able ____ show that as people acquired the skill, they then began to underestimate the level of difficulty of that skill.

Her participants even underestimated how long it had taken themselves to ____ that skill in an earlier session.

Knowing that experts forget how hard it was for them to learn, we can understand the ____ to look at the learning process through students’ eyes, rather than making assumptions about how students ‘should be’ learning.

A group of psychologists studied individuals with severe mental illness who experienced weekly group music therapy, including singing familiar songs and composing ____ songs.

The results showed that the group music therapy improved the quality of participants’ life, with those participating in a greater number of ____ experiencing the greatest benefits.

Focusing on singing, another group of psychologists reviewed articles on the efficacy of group singing as a mental health treatment ____ individuals living with a mental health condition in a community setting.

The findings showed that, when people with ____ health conditions participated in a choir, their mental health and wellbeing significantly improved.

Group singing provided enjoyment, improved emotional states, developed a ____ of belonging and enhanced self-confidence.

In many sports, people realized the difficulties and even impossibilities of young children participating fully in many ____ sport environments.

They found the road to success for young children is unlikely if they play on adult fields, courts or arenas with equipment that ____ too large, too heavy or too fast for them to handle while trying to compete in adult-style competition.

Common sense has ____ different sports have made adaptations for children.

As examples, baseball has T ball, football has flag football and junior soccer uses a smaller and lighter ball and (sometimes) a ____ field.

All have junior competitive structures where children ____ for shorter time periods and often in smaller teams.

In a similar way, tennis has adapted the court areas, balls and rackets to make them ____ appropriate for children under 10.

The ____ are progressive and relate to the age of the child.

With no horses available, the Inca ____ excelled at delivering messages on foot.

The messengers were stationed ____ the royal roads to deliver the Inca king’s orders and reports coming from his lands.

Called Chasquis, they lived in groups of four to six in huts, placed from one to two miles apart ____ the roads.

They were all young men and especially good runners who watched the road in ____ directions.

If they caught sight of another messenger coming, ____ hurried out to meet them.

The Inca built ____ huts on high ground, in sight of one another.

When a ____ neared the next hut, he began to call out and repeated the message three or four times to the one who was running out to meet him.

The Inca empire ____ relay messages 1,000 miles (1,610 km) in three or four days under good conditions.

The tongue was ____ into separate areas where certain tastes were registered: sweetness at the tip, sourness on the sides, and bitterness at the back of the mouth.

Research ____ the 1980s and 1990s, however, demonstrated that the “tongue map” explanation of how we taste was, in fact, totally wrong.

As it turns out, the map was a misinterpretation and ____ of research conducted in Germany at the turn of the twentieth century.

Today, leading taste researchers believe that taste buds are ____ grouped according to specialty.

Sweetness, saltiness, bitterness, and sourness can be tasted everywhere in ____ mouth, although they may be perceived at a little different intensities at different sites.

Moreover, the mechanism at work is not ____ but time.

It’s not that you taste ____ at the tip of your tongue, but rather that you register that perception first.

____ two animals are alike.

Animals from the same litter will display some of the same features, but will not be exactly the same as each other; therefore, they ____ not respond in entirely the same way during a healing session.

Environmental factors can also determine how the animal will ____ during the treatment.

For instance, a cat in ____ rescue center will respond very differently than a cat within a domestic home environment.

In addition, animals that experience healing for physical ____ will react differently than those accepting healing for emotional confusion.

With this in mind, every healing session needs to be explored differently, and each healing treatment should be adjusted to suit the ____ needs of the animal.

You will learn as you go; healing is a constant ____ process.

The mind has parts that are ____ as the conscious mind and the subconscious mind.

____ subconscious mind is very fast to act and doesn’t deal with emotions.

It ____ with memories of your responses to life, your memories and recognition.

However, the conscious mind is the one that you have more ____ over.

____ think.

You can ____ whether to carry on a thought or to add emotion to it and this is the part of your mind that lets you down frequently because — fueled by emotions — you make the wrong decisions time and time again.

When ____ judgment is clouded by emotions, this puts in biases and all kinds of other negativities that hold you back.

Scared ____ spiders?

Scared ____ the dark?

There are reasons ____ all of these fears, but they originate in the conscious mind.

They only become real ____ when the subconscious mind records your reactions

While the controllable conscious ____ deals with thoughts and emotions, the fast­-acting subconscious mind stores your responses, forming real fears.

Norms are everywhere, defining what is “normal” ____ guiding our interpretations of social life at every turn.

As a simple example, there is a norm in Anglo society to say Thank you to strangers who have just done something to help, such as open a door for you, ____ out that you’ve just dropped something, or give you directions.

____ is no law that forces you to say Thank you.

But if people don’t say Thank you in ____ cases it is marked.

People ____ that you will say it. You become responsible.

Failing to say it will be ____ surprising and worthy of criticism.

Not ____ the norms of another community is the central problem of cross-cultural communication.

To continue the Thank you example, even though another culture may have an expression that appears translatable (many don’t), there may be different norms for its usage, for example, such that you should say Thank you only when ____ cost someone has caused is considerable.

In such a case it would sound ridiculous (i.e., unexpected, surprising, and worthy of criticism) if you were ____ thank someone for something so minor as holding a door open for you.