2024년 6월 고1 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

The ____ of interruptions are well-documented.

Martin Luther King Jr. lamented ____ when he described "that lovely poem that didn't get written because someone knocked on the door."

Perhaps the most famous literary example happened ____ 1797 when Samuel Taylor Coleridge started writing his poem Kubla Khan from a dream he had but then was visited by an unexpected guest.

For Coleridge, by coincidence, ____ untimely visitor came at a particularly bad time.

He forgot his inspiration and ____ the work unfinished.

While there are many documented cases of sudden disruptions that have had significant consequences for professionals in critical roles such as doctors, nurses, control room operators, stock traders, and pilots, they also ____ most of us in our everyday lives, slowing down work productivity and generally increasing stress levels.

There's a lot of ____ evidence demonstrating that focused attention leads to the reshaping of the brain.

In animals rewarded for noticing sound (to hunt ____ to avoid being hunted for example), we find much larger auditory centers in the brain.

____ animals rewarded for sharp eyesight, the visual areas are larger.

Brain scans of violinists provide more evidence, showing dramatic growth and expansion in regions of the cortex that represent the left hand, which has to finger the strings precisely, often at very high ____

Other studies have shown that the hippocampus, which is vital for ____ memory, is enlarged in taxi drivers.

The point is that the physical architecture of the brain changes ____ to where we direct our attention and what we practice doing.

How did the human ____ evolve?

One possibility is that competition and conflicts with other human tribes caused our brains to evolve the way ____ did.

____ human tribe that could outthink its enemies, even slightly, possessed a vital advantage.

The ability of your tribe ____ imagine and predict where and when a hostile enemy tribe might strike, and plan accordingly, gives your tribe a significant military advantage.

The human mind became a weapon in the ____ for survival, a weapon far more decisive than any before it.

And this mental advantage was applied, over and over, within ____ succeeding generation.

The tribe that could out-think its opponents was more likely to succeed in battle and would then pass on the genes responsible for this mental advantage to its ____

____ and I are the descendants of the winners.

To find the hidden potential in teams, instead of brainstorming, we're better off shifting to a ____ called brainwriting.

The initial steps ____ solo.

You ____ by asking everyone to generate ideas separately.

Next, you pool them and share them anonymously among ____ group.

To preserve independent judgment, each member evaluates them on ____ own.

Only then does the team come together to select and ____ the most promising options.

By developing and assessing ideas individually before choosing and elaborating them, teams ____ surface and advance possibilities that might not get attention otherwise.

This brainwriting process makes sure that all ideas are brought to the table and all voices are brought ____ the conversation.

It is especially effective in ____ that struggle to achieve collective intelligence.

Simply giving employees a sense of agency ― a feeling that they are in control, that they have genuine decision-making authority ― can radically increase how much energy and focus ____ bring to their jobs.

One 2010 study at a manufacturing plant in Ohio, for instance, carefully examined assembly-line workers who were empowered to make small decisions about their ____ and work environment.

They designed their own ____ and had authority over shifts while all the manufacturing processes and pay scales stayed the same.

Within two months, productivity at the plant increased by 20 percent, with workers taking shorter breaks and making fewer ____

Giving employees a sense of control improved how much self-discipline they brought to ____ jobs.

As businesses shift some core business activities to digital, such as sales, marketing, or archiving, ____ is assumed that the impact on the environment will be less negative.

However, digital business activities can ____ threaten the environment.

In some cases, ____ harm of digital businesses can be even more hazardous.

A ____ decades ago, offices used to have much more paper waste since all documents were paper based.

When workplaces shifted from paper to digital documents, ____ and emails, it was a promising step to save trees.

However, the cost of the Internet ____ electricity for the environment is neglected.

A recent Wired report ____ that most data centers' energy source is fossil fuels.

When ____ store bigger data on clouds, increased carbon emissions make our green clouds gray.

The carbon footprint of an email is smaller than mail sent via a post office, ____ still, it causes four grams of CO2, and it can be as much as 50 grams if the attachment is big.

Problems often arise ____ an exotic species is suddenly introduced to an ecosystem.

Britain's red and grey squirrels provide ____ clear example.

When the grey arrived from America ____ the 1870s, both squirrel species competed for the same food and habitat, which put the native red squirrel populations under pressure.

The grey had the edge because it can adapt its diet; it is able, for instance, to eat green ____ while the red can only digest mature acorns.

Within the same area of forest, grey squirrels can destroy the food supply before ____ squirrels even have a bite.

Greys can also live more densely and in ____ habitats, so have survived more easily when woodland has been destroyed.

As a result, ____ red squirrel has come close to extinction in England.

Growing crops forced people ____ stay in one place.

____ typically moved around frequently, and they had to be able to carry all their possessions with them every time they moved.

____ particular, mothers had to carry their young children.

As a result, hunter-gatherer mothers could have only one baby every four years or so, spacing their births ____ that they never had to carry more than one child at a time.

Farmers, on the other hand, could live in the same place year after year and did not have to worry about transporting ____ children long distances.

Societies that settled down in one place were able ____ shorten their birth intervals from four years to about two.

This meant that each woman could have more children ____ her hunter-gatherer counterpart, which in turn resulted in rapid population growth among farming communities.

An increased population was actually an advantage to agricultural societies, because farming required ____ amounts of human labor.

Spending time as children allows animals ____ learn about their environment.

Without childhood, animals ____ rely more fully on hardware, and therefore be less flexible.

Among migratory bird species, those that are born knowing how, when, and where to migrate ─ those that are migrating entirely with instructions they were born with ─ sometimes have ____ inefficient migration routes.

These birds, born knowing how to migrate, ____ adapt easily.

So when lakes dry up, forest becomes farmland, or ____ change pushes breeding grounds farther north, those birds that are born knowing how to migrate keep flying by the old rules and maps.

By comparison, birds with the ____ childhoods, and those that migrate with their parents, tend to have the most efficient migration routes.

Childhood facilitates the passing on of cultural information, and culture can evolve faster ____ genes.

Childhood gives ____ in a changing world.

____ the last several decades, scholars have developed standards for how best to create, organize, present, and preserve digital information for future generations.

What has remained neglected for the most part, however, are the needs of ____ with disabilities.

As a result, many of the otherwise most valuable digital resources are useless for people who are deaf or hard ____ hearing, as well as for people who are blind, have low vision, or have difficulty distinguishing particular colors.

____ professionals working in educational technology and commercial web design have made significant progress in meeting the needs of such users, some scholars creating digital projects all too often fail to take these needs into account.

This situation would be much improved if more projects embraced the idea that we should always keep the largest possible audience in mind as we make design decisions, ensuring that our final product ____ the needs of those with disabilities as well as those without.

The needs of people with disabilities have often been overlooked in digital projects, which could ____ changed by adopting an inclusive design.

All humans, to an extent, seek activities that cause a degree of pain in order to experience pleasure, whether this is found in spicy food, strong massages, or stepping into a ____ or too-hot bath.

The key is ____ it is a 'safe threat'.

The brain ____ the stimulus to be painful but ultimately non-threatening.

Interestingly, this could be similar to the way humor works: a 'safe threat' that causes pleasure by playfully violating ____

We feel uncomfortable, ____ safe.

In this context, where survival is clearly not in danger, the desire for pain is actually the desire for ____ reward, not suffering or punishment.

This reward-like effect comes from the ____ of mastery over the pain.

The closer you look at your chilli-eating habit, ____ more remarkable it seems.

____ the active ingredient of chillies ─ capsaicin ─ touches the tongue, it stimulates exactly the same receptor that is activated when any of these tissues are burned.

Knowing that our body is ____ off danger signals, but that we are actually completely safe, produces pleasure.

All children start off hating chilli, but many learn to derive pleasure from it ____ repeated exposure and knowing that they will never experience any real harm.

Interestingly, seeking pain for the pain itself appears to ____ uniquely human.

The only way scientists have trained animals to ____ a preference for chilli or to self-harm is to have the pain always directly associated with a pleasurable reward.