2024년 6월 고1 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

The costs of ____ are well-documented.

Martin Luther King Jr. lamented them ____ he described "that lovely poem that didn't get written because someone knocked on the door."

Perhaps the most famous literary example happened in 1797 when Samuel Taylor Coleridge started writing his poem Kubla Khan from a ____ he had but then was visited by an unexpected guest.

For ____, by coincidence, the untimely visitor came at a particularly bad time.

He forgot his inspiration and left the work ____.

While there are many documented cases of sudden disruptions that have ____ significant consequences for professionals in critical roles such as doctors, nurses, control room operators, stock traders, and pilots, they also impact most of us in our everyday lives, slowing down work productivity and generally increasing stress levels.

There's a lot of scientific evidence ____ that focused attention leads to the reshaping of the brain.

In animals rewarded for noticing sound (to hunt or to avoid ____ hunted for example), we find much larger auditory centers in the brain.

In ____ rewarded for sharp eyesight, the visual areas are larger.

Brain scans of violinists provide more evidence, ____ dramatic growth and expansion in regions of the cortex that represent the left hand, which has to finger the strings precisely, often at very high speed.

Other studies have shown that the ____, which is vital for spatial memory, is enlarged in taxi drivers.

The ____ is that the physical architecture of the brain changes according to where we direct our attention and what we practice doing.

How ____ the human mind evolve?

One possibility is that competition and conflicts with ____ human tribes caused our brains to evolve the way they did.

A human tribe that could outthink its ____, even slightly, possessed a vital advantage.

The ability of your tribe to imagine and predict where and ____ a hostile enemy tribe might strike, and plan accordingly, gives your tribe a significant military advantage.

The human mind became a weapon in the struggle for survival, a weapon far ____ decisive than any before it.

And this mental advantage was applied, ____ and over, within each succeeding generation.

The tribe that could out-think its opponents was more likely to succeed in battle and would then pass on the genes responsible for this mental ____ to its offspring.

____ and I are the descendants of the winners.

To find the hidden potential in ____, instead of brainstorming, we're better off shifting to a process called brainwriting.

The initial steps are ____.

You start by asking ____ to generate ideas separately.

____, you pool them and share them anonymously among the group.

To preserve independent ____, each member evaluates them on their own.

Only then does the team come ____ to select and refine the most promising options.

By ____ and assessing ideas individually before choosing and elaborating them, teams can surface and advance possibilities that might not get attention otherwise.

This brainwriting process makes sure that all ideas are brought to the table and all voices are brought into the ____.

It is especially effective in groups that ____ to achieve collective intelligence.

Simply giving employees a sense of agency ― a feeling that they are in control, that they have genuine decision-making authority ― can radically increase how much energy and focus they bring to their ____.

One 2010 study at a manufacturing plant in Ohio, for instance, carefully examined assembly-line workers who were empowered to make small decisions about their ____ and work environment.

They designed their own uniforms and had authority over shifts while all the manufacturing processes and pay scales ____ the same.

Within two months, productivity at the ____ increased by 20 percent, with workers taking shorter breaks and making fewer mistakes.

Giving employees a sense of ____ improved how much self-discipline they brought to their jobs.

As businesses shift some core business activities to digital, such as sales, marketing, or ____, it is assumed that the impact on the environment will be less negative.

However, digital business ____ can still threaten the environment.

In some cases, the harm of digital ____ can be even more hazardous.

A few decades ago, offices used to have ____ more paper waste since all documents were paper based.

When workplaces shifted from paper to digital documents, invoices, and ____, it was a promising step to save trees.

However, the cost of the Internet and electricity for the ____ is neglected.

A recent Wired report declared that most data centers' ____ source is fossil fuels.

When we store bigger data on clouds, increased carbon emissions make our ____ clouds gray.

The ____ footprint of an email is smaller than mail sent via a post office, but still, it causes four grams of CO2, and it can be as much as 50 grams if the attachment is big.

Problems often arise if an exotic species is suddenly ____ to an ecosystem.

____ red and grey squirrels provide a clear example.

When the grey arrived from America in the 1870s, both squirrel species competed for the same ____ and habitat, which put the native red squirrel populations under pressure.

The grey had the edge because it can adapt its diet; it is able, for instance, to eat green acorns, while the ____ can only digest mature acorns.

Within the same area of forest, grey squirrels can destroy the food supply before red ____ even have a bite.

Greys can also ____ more densely and in varied habitats, so have survived more easily when woodland has been destroyed.

As a result, the red squirrel has come ____ to extinction in England.

Growing crops forced ____ to stay in one place.

Hunter-gatherers typically moved ____ frequently, and they had to be able to carry all their possessions with them every time they moved.

In particular, mothers had to ____ their young children.

As a result, hunter-gatherer mothers could have only ____ baby every four years or so, spacing their births so that they never had to carry more than one child at a time.

Farmers, on the other hand, could live in the same place year after year and did not ____ to worry about transporting young children long distances.

____ that settled down in one place were able to shorten their birth intervals from four years to about two.

This meant that each woman could have more children than her hunter-gatherer counterpart, which in turn resulted in rapid ____ growth among farming communities.

An increased population was actually an advantage to ____ societies, because farming required large amounts of human labor.

Spending ____ as children allows animals to learn about their environment.

Without childhood, ____ must rely more fully on hardware, and therefore be less flexible.

Among migratory bird species, those that are born knowing how, when, and where to ____ ─ those that are migrating entirely with instructions they were born with ─ sometimes have very inefficient migration routes.

These birds, born knowing how to migrate, don't ____ easily.

So when lakes dry up, forest becomes farmland, or climate change pushes breeding ____ farther north, those birds that are born knowing how to migrate keep flying by the old rules and maps.

By comparison, birds with the ____ childhoods, and those that migrate with their parents, tend to have the most efficient migration routes.

____ facilitates the passing on of cultural information, and culture can evolve faster than genes.

____ gives flexibility in a changing world.

Over the last several ____, scholars have developed standards for how best to create, organize, present, and preserve digital information for future generations.

____ has remained neglected for the most part, however, are the needs of people with disabilities.

As a result, many of the ____ most valuable digital resources are useless for people who are deaf or hard of hearing, as well as for people who are blind, have low vision, or have difficulty distinguishing particular colors.

While professionals working in educational technology and commercial web design have ____ significant progress in meeting the needs of such users, some scholars creating digital projects all too often fail to take these needs into account.

This situation would be much improved if more projects embraced the idea that we should always keep the largest possible ____ in mind as we make design decisions, ensuring that our final product serves the needs of those with disabilities as well as those without.

The needs of people with disabilities have often been overlooked in digital projects, which could be ____ by adopting an inclusive design.

All humans, to an extent, seek activities that cause a degree of pain in order to experience pleasure, ____ this is found in spicy food, strong massages, or stepping into a too-cold or too-hot bath.

The key is that it is a 'safe ____'.

The brain perceives the stimulus to be ____ but ultimately non-threatening.

____, this could be similar to the way humor works: a 'safe threat' that causes pleasure by playfully violating norms.

We feel ____, but safe.

In this context, ____ survival is clearly not in danger, the desire for pain is actually the desire for a reward, not suffering or punishment.

This reward-like effect comes from the feeling of mastery ____ the pain.

The closer you look at your ____ habit, the more remarkable it seems.

____ the active ingredient of chillies ─ capsaicin ─ touches the tongue, it stimulates exactly the same receptor that is activated when any of these tissues are burned.

Knowing that our body is firing off danger signals, but that we are actually completely ____, produces pleasure.

All children start off hating chilli, but many learn to derive pleasure from it through repeated exposure and ____ that they will never experience any real harm.

Interestingly, seeking pain for the pain ____ appears to be uniquely human.

The only way scientists have trained animals to have a ____ for chilli or to self-harm is to have the pain always directly associated with a pleasurable reward.