2024년 6월 고1 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

The costs of interruptions are ____.

Martin Luther King Jr. lamented them ____ he described "that lovely poem that didn't get written because someone knocked on the door."

Perhaps the most famous literary example happened in 1797 when Samuel Taylor Coleridge started writing his poem Kubla Khan from a ____ he had but then was visited by an unexpected guest.

For Coleridge, by coincidence, the untimely visitor ____ at a particularly bad time.

He forgot his inspiration and left the ____ unfinished.

While there are many documented ____ of sudden disruptions that have had significant consequences for professionals in critical roles such as doctors, nurses, control room operators, stock traders, and pilots, they also impact most of us in our everyday lives, slowing down work productivity and generally increasing stress levels.

There's a ____ of scientific evidence demonstrating that focused attention leads to the reshaping of the brain.

In animals rewarded for noticing sound (to hunt or to avoid being hunted for example), we find much larger ____ centers in the brain.

In animals rewarded for ____ eyesight, the visual areas are larger.

Brain scans of violinists provide more evidence, showing dramatic growth and expansion in regions of the cortex that ____ the left hand, which has to finger the strings precisely, often at very high speed.

Other studies have shown that the hippocampus, which is vital for ____ memory, is enlarged in taxi drivers.

The point is that the physical architecture of the brain changes according to where we direct our attention and what we ____ doing.

How did the human mind ____?

One possibility is that competition and conflicts with other human tribes caused our brains to evolve the way they ____.

A human tribe that could outthink ____ enemies, even slightly, possessed a vital advantage.

The ability of your tribe to imagine and predict ____ and when a hostile enemy tribe might strike, and plan accordingly, gives your tribe a significant military advantage.

The human mind became a weapon in the struggle for ____, a weapon far more decisive than any before it.

And this mental advantage was applied, over and over, within ____ succeeding generation.

The tribe that could out-think its opponents was more likely to succeed in battle and would then ____ on the genes responsible for this mental advantage to its offspring.

You and I are the descendants of the ____.

To find the hidden potential in ____, instead of brainstorming, we're better off shifting to a process called brainwriting.

The ____ steps are solo.

You start by asking everyone to ____ ideas separately.

Next, you pool them and share ____ anonymously among the group.

To preserve independent judgment, each ____ evaluates them on their own.

Only then does the team come together to select and refine the ____ promising options.

By developing and assessing ideas individually before choosing and elaborating them, teams can surface and advance ____ that might not get attention otherwise.

This brainwriting process makes sure that all ideas are brought to the table and all voices are ____ into the conversation.

It is especially effective in ____ that struggle to achieve collective intelligence.

Simply giving employees a sense of agency ― a feeling that they are in control, that they have genuine decision-making authority ― ____ radically increase how much energy and focus they bring to their jobs.

One 2010 study at a manufacturing plant in Ohio, for instance, carefully examined assembly-line ____ who were empowered to make small decisions about their schedules and work environment.

They designed their own uniforms and had authority over shifts while all the manufacturing ____ and pay scales stayed the same.

Within two months, productivity at the plant ____ by 20 percent, with workers taking shorter breaks and making fewer mistakes.

Giving employees a sense of control improved how much self-discipline they ____ to their jobs.

As businesses shift some core business activities to digital, such as sales, marketing, or archiving, it is assumed that the impact on the environment ____ be less negative.

However, digital business activities can still threaten the ____.

In some cases, the harm of digital businesses can be even ____ hazardous.

A few decades ago, offices used to have much more paper waste since all documents were ____ based.

When ____ shifted from paper to digital documents, invoices, and emails, it was a promising step to save trees.

However, the ____ of the Internet and electricity for the environment is neglected.

A recent Wired report declared that most data ____' energy source is fossil fuels.

When we ____ bigger data on clouds, increased carbon emissions make our green clouds gray.

The carbon footprint of an email is smaller than mail sent via a post office, but still, it causes ____ grams of CO2, and it can be as much as 50 grams if the attachment is big.

Problems often arise if an ____ species is suddenly introduced to an ecosystem.

Britain's red and grey squirrels ____ a clear example.

When the grey arrived from America in the 1870s, both ____ species competed for the same food and habitat, which put the native red squirrel populations under pressure.

The grey had the edge because it can adapt its diet; it is able, for instance, to eat green acorns, while the red can ____ digest mature acorns.

Within the same ____ of forest, grey squirrels can destroy the food supply before red squirrels even have a bite.

Greys can also live more densely and in varied habitats, so have survived more easily when woodland has ____ destroyed.

As a ____, the red squirrel has come close to extinction in England.

Growing crops forced people to stay in ____ place.

____ typically moved around frequently, and they had to be able to carry all their possessions with them every time they moved.

In ____, mothers had to carry their young children.

As a result, hunter-gatherer mothers could have only one baby every four years or so, spacing their births so that they never ____ to carry more than one child at a time.

Farmers, on the other hand, could live in the same place year after year and did not ____ to worry about transporting young children long distances.

Societies that settled down in one place were able to shorten their birth ____ from four years to about two.

This meant that each woman could have more children than her hunter-gatherer counterpart, which in turn ____ in rapid population growth among farming communities.

An increased population was actually an advantage to agricultural societies, because ____ required large amounts of human labor.

Spending time as children ____ animals to learn about their environment.

Without childhood, animals must rely more fully on ____, and therefore be less flexible.

Among migratory bird species, those that are born knowing how, when, and where to migrate ─ those that are migrating entirely with instructions they were born with ─ ____ have very inefficient migration routes.

These birds, born knowing how to migrate, ____ adapt easily.

So when lakes dry up, forest becomes farmland, or climate change pushes breeding grounds farther north, those birds that are born knowing how to migrate keep flying by the ____ rules and maps.

By ____, birds with the longest childhoods, and those that migrate with their parents, tend to have the most efficient migration routes.

____ facilitates the passing on of cultural information, and culture can evolve faster than genes.

Childhood gives flexibility in a ____ world.

Over the last several ____, scholars have developed standards for how best to create, organize, present, and preserve digital information for future generations.

What has remained neglected for the most part, however, are the ____ of people with disabilities.

As a result, many of the otherwise most valuable digital resources are useless for people who are ____ or hard of hearing, as well as for people who are blind, have low vision, or have difficulty distinguishing particular colors.

While professionals working in educational technology and commercial web design have made significant progress in meeting the needs of such users, some scholars creating digital projects all too often fail to ____ these needs into account.

This situation would be much improved if ____ projects embraced the idea that we should always keep the largest possible audience in mind as we make design decisions, ensuring that our final product serves the needs of those with disabilities as well as those without.

The needs of people with ____ have often been overlooked in digital projects, which could be changed by adopting an inclusive design.

All humans, to an extent, ____ activities that cause a degree of pain in order to experience pleasure, whether this is found in spicy food, strong massages, or stepping into a too-cold or too-hot bath.

The ____ is that it is a 'safe threat'.

The ____ perceives the stimulus to be painful but ultimately non-threatening.

Interestingly, this could be similar to the way humor ____: a 'safe threat' that causes pleasure by playfully violating norms.

We feel uncomfortable, but ____.

In this context, where survival is clearly not in danger, the desire for pain is actually the desire for a reward, ____ suffering or punishment.

This reward-like effect comes ____ the feeling of mastery over the pain.

The closer you look at your chilli-eating habit, the more remarkable it ____.

When the active ingredient of chillies ─ capsaicin ─ touches the tongue, it stimulates exactly the ____ receptor that is activated when any of these tissues are burned.

Knowing that our ____ is firing off danger signals, but that we are actually completely safe, produces pleasure.

All children start off hating chilli, but many learn to derive pleasure from it through repeated exposure and knowing that they will never experience ____ real harm.

____, seeking pain for the pain itself appears to be uniquely human.

The only way scientists have trained animals to have a preference for chilli or to self-harm is to have the pain ____ directly associated with a pleasurable reward.