2024년 6월 고1 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

The costs of ____ are well-documented.

Martin Luther King Jr. lamented them when he described "that lovely poem that didn't get written ____ someone knocked on the door."

Perhaps the most famous literary example happened in 1797 when Samuel Taylor Coleridge started writing his poem Kubla Khan from a dream he had ____ then was visited by an unexpected guest.

For Coleridge, by coincidence, the untimely visitor came ____ a particularly bad time.

He forgot ____ inspiration and left the work unfinished.

While there are many documented cases of sudden disruptions that have had significant consequences for ____ in critical roles such as doctors, nurses, control room operators, stock traders, and pilots, they also impact most of us in our everyday lives, slowing down work productivity and generally increasing stress levels.

There's a lot of scientific evidence demonstrating that ____ attention leads to the reshaping of the brain.

In animals rewarded for noticing sound (to hunt or to avoid being hunted for example), ____ find much larger auditory centers in the brain.

In animals rewarded for sharp eyesight, the ____ areas are larger.

Brain scans of violinists provide more evidence, showing dramatic growth and expansion in regions of the cortex that represent the left hand, which has to finger the strings precisely, often ____ very high speed.

Other studies have shown that the hippocampus, which is vital for ____ memory, is enlarged in taxi drivers.

The point is that the physical architecture of the brain changes according to ____ we direct our attention and what we practice doing.

How did ____ human mind evolve?

One possibility is that competition and conflicts with other human tribes caused our brains to evolve the ____ they did.

A human tribe that could outthink its enemies, even slightly, possessed a ____ advantage.

The ability of your tribe to imagine and predict where ____ when a hostile enemy tribe might strike, and plan accordingly, gives your tribe a significant military advantage.

The human mind became a weapon in the struggle for survival, ____ weapon far more decisive than any before it.

And this mental advantage was applied, over and over, within each succeeding ____

The tribe that could out-think its opponents was more likely to succeed in battle and would then pass on the genes responsible for this mental ____ to its offspring.

You and I ____ the descendants of the winners.

To find the hidden potential in teams, instead of brainstorming, ____ better off shifting to a process called brainwriting.

The initial ____ are solo.

You start by ____ everyone to generate ideas separately.

Next, you pool them and share ____ anonymously among the group.

To ____ independent judgment, each member evaluates them on their own.

Only then does ____ team come together to select and refine the most promising options.

By developing and assessing ideas ____ before choosing and elaborating them, teams can surface and advance possibilities that might not get attention otherwise.

This brainwriting process makes sure that all ideas are brought to the table and all voices are brought ____ the conversation.

It is especially effective in groups that struggle ____ achieve collective intelligence.

Simply giving employees a sense of agency ― a feeling that they are in control, that they have genuine decision-making authority ― can radically increase how much ____ and focus they bring to their jobs.

One 2010 study at a manufacturing plant in Ohio, for instance, carefully examined assembly-line workers who ____ empowered to make small decisions about their schedules and work environment.

They designed ____ own uniforms and had authority over shifts while all the manufacturing processes and pay scales stayed the same.

Within two months, productivity at the plant increased by 20 percent, with workers ____ shorter breaks and making fewer mistakes.

Giving employees a sense of ____ improved how much self-discipline they brought to their jobs.

As businesses shift some core business activities to digital, such as sales, marketing, or archiving, it is assumed that ____ impact on the environment will be less negative.

However, digital business ____ can still threaten the environment.

In some cases, the harm of digital businesses can be even ____ hazardous.

A few decades ago, ____ used to have much more paper waste since all documents were paper based.

____ workplaces shifted from paper to digital documents, invoices, and emails, it was a promising step to save trees.

____ the cost of the Internet and electricity for the environment is neglected.

A recent Wired ____ declared that most data centers' energy source is fossil fuels.

When we store bigger data on clouds, ____ carbon emissions make our green clouds gray.

The carbon footprint of an email is smaller than mail sent via a post office, but still, it causes four grams of CO2, and it can be as much as 50 grams if the attachment is ____

Problems often arise if an exotic species is suddenly introduced to an ____

Britain's red and grey squirrels provide ____ clear example.

When the grey arrived from America in the 1870s, both squirrel species ____ for the same food and habitat, which put the native red squirrel populations under pressure.

The grey had the edge because it can adapt its diet; it is able, for ____ to eat green acorns, while the red can only digest mature acorns.

Within the same area of forest, grey squirrels can destroy the food supply ____ red squirrels even have a bite.

Greys can also live more densely and in varied habitats, ____ have survived more easily when woodland has been destroyed.

As a ____ the red squirrel has come close to extinction in England.

Growing crops forced people to ____ in one place.

Hunter-gatherers typically moved around frequently, and they had to be able to carry all their ____ with them every time they moved.

In ____ mothers had to carry their young children.

As ____ result, hunter-gatherer mothers could have only one baby every four years or so, spacing their births so that they never had to carry more than one child at a time.

Farmers, on the other hand, could live in the same place year after year and did not have to ____ about transporting young children long distances.

Societies that settled ____ in one place were able to shorten their birth intervals from four years to about two.

This meant that each woman could have more children than her hunter-gatherer counterpart, ____ in turn resulted in rapid population growth among farming communities.

An increased population was actually an advantage to agricultural societies, because farming required large amounts ____ human labor.

Spending time as children allows animals to learn about their ____

Without ____ animals must rely more fully on hardware, and therefore be less flexible.

Among migratory bird species, those that are born knowing how, when, and where to migrate ─ those that are migrating entirely with instructions they were ____ with ─ sometimes have very inefficient migration routes.

These birds, born knowing how to migrate, don't ____ easily.

So when lakes dry up, forest becomes farmland, ____ climate change pushes breeding grounds farther north, those birds that are born knowing how to migrate keep flying by the old rules and maps.

By comparison, birds with the ____ childhoods, and those that migrate with their parents, tend to have the most efficient migration routes.

Childhood ____ the passing on of cultural information, and culture can evolve faster than genes.

Childhood ____ flexibility in a changing world.

Over ____ last several decades, scholars have developed standards for how best to create, organize, present, and preserve digital information for future generations.

What has remained neglected for the most part, however, are ____ needs of people with disabilities.

As a result, many of the otherwise most valuable digital resources are useless ____ people who are deaf or hard of hearing, as well as for people who are blind, have low vision, or have difficulty distinguishing particular colors.

While professionals working in educational technology and commercial web design ____ made significant progress in meeting the needs of such users, some scholars creating digital projects all too often fail to take these needs into account.

This situation would be much improved if more projects embraced the idea that we should always keep the largest possible audience in ____ as we make design decisions, ensuring that our final product serves the needs of those with disabilities as well as those without.

The needs of people with disabilities have often been overlooked in digital projects, which could be changed by ____ an inclusive design.

All humans, to an extent, seek activities that cause a degree of pain in order to experience pleasure, whether this is found in spicy food, strong massages, or stepping into a too-cold or ____ bath.

The key is that it ____ a 'safe threat'.

The brain ____ the stimulus to be painful but ultimately non-threatening.

Interestingly, this could be similar to the way humor works: a 'safe ____ that causes pleasure by playfully violating norms.

We feel ____ but safe.

In this context, where survival is clearly not in danger, the desire for pain ____ actually the desire for a reward, not suffering or punishment.

This reward-like effect comes from the feeling of mastery over the ____

The closer ____ look at your chilli-eating habit, the more remarkable it seems.

When the active ingredient of chillies ─ capsaicin ─ touches the tongue, it stimulates exactly the same receptor that is activated when any of these tissues ____ burned.

Knowing that our body is ____ off danger signals, but that we are actually completely safe, produces pleasure.

All children start off hating chilli, but many learn to ____ pleasure from it through repeated exposure and knowing that they will never experience any real harm.

____ seeking pain for the pain itself appears to be uniquely human.

____ only way scientists have trained animals to have a preference for chilli or to self-harm is to have the pain always directly associated with a pleasurable reward.