2024년 6월 고1 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

The costs ____ interruptions are well-documented.

Martin Luther King ____ lamented them when he described "that lovely poem that didn't get written because someone knocked on the door."

Perhaps the most famous literary example happened in 1797 when Samuel Taylor Coleridge started writing his ____ Kubla Khan from a dream he had but then was visited by an unexpected guest.

For ____ by coincidence, the untimely visitor came at a particularly bad time.

He forgot his inspiration and left the ____ unfinished.

While there are many documented cases of sudden disruptions that have had significant consequences ____ professionals in critical roles such as doctors, nurses, control room operators, stock traders, and pilots, they also impact most of us in our everyday lives, slowing down work productivity and generally increasing stress levels.

There's a ____ of scientific evidence demonstrating that focused attention leads to the reshaping of the brain.

In animals rewarded for noticing sound (to hunt or to avoid being hunted for example), we find much larger auditory centers in the ____

In animals rewarded for sharp eyesight, the visual areas ____ larger.

Brain scans of violinists provide more evidence, showing dramatic growth and expansion in regions of the ____ that represent the left hand, which has to finger the strings precisely, often at very high speed.

Other studies have shown that the hippocampus, which is vital for spatial memory, is enlarged in ____ drivers.

The point is that ____ physical architecture of the brain changes according to where we direct our attention and what we practice doing.

How did the ____ mind evolve?

One possibility is that competition and conflicts ____ other human tribes caused our brains to evolve the way they did.

A human tribe that could outthink ____ enemies, even slightly, possessed a vital advantage.

The ability of your tribe to imagine and predict where and when a hostile enemy tribe might strike, and plan ____ gives your tribe a significant military advantage.

The human mind became a weapon in the struggle for survival, a weapon far more decisive ____ any before it.

And this mental advantage was applied, ____ and over, within each succeeding generation.

The tribe that could out-think its opponents was more likely to succeed in battle and would then pass on the genes ____ for this mental advantage to its offspring.

You and ____ are the descendants of the winners.

To find the hidden potential ____ teams, instead of brainstorming, we're better off shifting to a process called brainwriting.

The initial ____ are solo.

____ start by asking everyone to generate ideas separately.

Next, you pool them and share them ____ among the group.

To preserve independent judgment, each member evaluates them on ____ own.

Only then does the team come together to select and refine the most promising ____

By developing ____ assessing ideas individually before choosing and elaborating them, teams can surface and advance possibilities that might not get attention otherwise.

____ brainwriting process makes sure that all ideas are brought to the table and all voices are brought into the conversation.

It is ____ effective in groups that struggle to achieve collective intelligence.

Simply giving employees a sense of agency ― a feeling that they are in control, that they have genuine decision-making authority ― can radically ____ how much energy and focus they bring to their jobs.

One 2010 study at a manufacturing plant in Ohio, for instance, carefully examined assembly-line workers who were empowered to make small decisions about ____ schedules and work environment.

They designed their own uniforms and had authority over shifts while all the manufacturing ____ and pay scales stayed the same.

Within two months, productivity ____ the plant increased by 20 percent, with workers taking shorter breaks and making fewer mistakes.

Giving employees a sense of control improved how much self-discipline they brought to their ____

As businesses shift some ____ business activities to digital, such as sales, marketing, or archiving, it is assumed that the impact on the environment will be less negative.

However, digital business activities can still threaten the ____

In some cases, the ____ of digital businesses can be even more hazardous.

A few decades ago, offices used to have much more paper waste since all documents were ____ based.

When workplaces shifted from paper to digital documents, invoices, and emails, it was a promising step ____ save trees.

However, the cost of the Internet and electricity for the environment is ____

A recent Wired report declared ____ most data centers' energy source is fossil fuels.

When we store bigger ____ on clouds, increased carbon emissions make our green clouds gray.

The carbon footprint of an email is smaller than mail sent via a post office, but still, it causes four grams of ____ and it can be as much as 50 grams if the attachment is big.

Problems often arise if an exotic species is suddenly ____ to an ecosystem.

Britain's red and grey squirrels provide a ____ example.

When the grey arrived from America in ____ 1870s, both squirrel species competed for the same food and habitat, which put the native red squirrel populations under pressure.

The grey had the edge because it can adapt its diet; it is able, for instance, to eat green acorns, ____ the red can only digest mature acorns.

Within the same area of forest, grey squirrels can destroy the food supply before ____ squirrels even have a bite.

Greys can also live more densely and in varied habitats, so have ____ more easily when woodland has been destroyed.

As ____ result, the red squirrel has come close to extinction in England.

Growing crops forced people to stay ____ one place.

Hunter-gatherers typically moved around frequently, and they had to be able ____ carry all their possessions with them every time they moved.

In particular, mothers ____ to carry their young children.

As a result, hunter-gatherer mothers could have only one ____ every four years or so, spacing their births so that they never had to carry more than one child at a time.

Farmers, on the other hand, could live in the same place year after year and did not have to worry about transporting young children ____ distances.

Societies that settled down in one ____ were able to shorten their birth intervals from four years to about two.

This ____ that each woman could have more children than her hunter-gatherer counterpart, which in turn resulted in rapid population growth among farming communities.

An increased population was actually an advantage to agricultural societies, because ____ required large amounts of human labor.

Spending time as ____ allows animals to learn about their environment.

Without childhood, animals must rely more fully on hardware, ____ therefore be less flexible.

Among migratory bird species, those that are born knowing how, when, ____ where to migrate ─ those that are migrating entirely with instructions they were born with ─ sometimes have very inefficient migration routes.

These birds, born knowing how to ____ don't adapt easily.

So when lakes dry up, forest becomes farmland, or climate change pushes breeding grounds farther north, those ____ that are born knowing how to migrate keep flying by the old rules and maps.

By comparison, birds ____ the longest childhoods, and those that migrate with their parents, tend to have the most efficient migration routes.

Childhood facilitates the passing on of cultural ____ and culture can evolve faster than genes.

Childhood gives flexibility in ____ changing world.

Over the last several decades, scholars have developed standards for how best to create, ____ present, and preserve digital information for future generations.

____ has remained neglected for the most part, however, are the needs of people with disabilities.

As a result, many of the otherwise most valuable digital resources are useless for people who are deaf or hard of hearing, as well as for people who are blind, have low vision, ____ have difficulty distinguishing particular colors.

While professionals working in educational technology and commercial web design have made significant progress in meeting the needs of such users, some scholars creating ____ projects all too often fail to take these needs into account.

This situation would be much improved if more projects embraced the idea that we ____ always keep the largest possible audience in mind as we make design decisions, ensuring that our final product serves the needs of those with disabilities as well as those without.

The needs of people with disabilities have often been overlooked in digital projects, which could be changed by adopting an inclusive ____

All humans, to an extent, seek activities that cause a degree of pain in order to ____ pleasure, whether this is found in spicy food, strong massages, or stepping into a too-cold or too-hot bath.

The ____ is that it is a 'safe threat'.

The brain perceives the ____ to be painful but ultimately non-threatening.

Interestingly, this could ____ similar to the way humor works: a 'safe threat' that causes pleasure by playfully violating norms.

____ feel uncomfortable, but safe.

In this context, where survival is clearly not in danger, the desire for pain is actually the desire for a reward, ____ suffering or punishment.

This reward-like effect comes from the feeling of mastery over the ____

The closer you look at ____ chilli-eating habit, the more remarkable it seems.

When the active ____ of chillies ─ capsaicin ─ touches the tongue, it stimulates exactly the same receptor that is activated when any of these tissues are burned.

Knowing ____ our body is firing off danger signals, but that we are actually completely safe, produces pleasure.

All children start off hating chilli, but many learn to derive pleasure from it through repeated exposure and knowing that they will ____ experience any real harm.

Interestingly, seeking pain for the pain ____ appears to be uniquely human.

The only way scientists have trained animals to have a preference for chilli or to self-harm is ____ have the pain always directly associated with a pleasurable reward.