2024년 6월 고1 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

The costs of interruptions ____ well-documented.

Martin Luther King Jr. lamented them when he described "that lovely poem that didn't get written because ____ knocked on the door."

Perhaps the most famous literary example happened in 1797 when Samuel Taylor Coleridge started writing his poem ____ Khan from a dream he had but then was visited by an unexpected guest.

For Coleridge, by coincidence, the ____ visitor came at a particularly bad time.

____ forgot his inspiration and left the work unfinished.

While there are many documented cases of sudden disruptions that have had significant consequences for professionals in critical roles such ____ doctors, nurses, control room operators, stock traders, and pilots, they also impact most of us in our everyday lives, slowing down work productivity and generally increasing stress levels.

There's a lot of scientific evidence demonstrating ____ focused attention leads to the reshaping of the brain.

In animals rewarded for noticing ____ (to hunt or to avoid being hunted for example), we find much larger auditory centers in the brain.

In animals rewarded for sharp eyesight, the visual ____ are larger.

Brain scans of violinists provide more evidence, showing dramatic growth and expansion in regions of the cortex that represent the left hand, which has to ____ the strings precisely, often at very high speed.

Other studies have shown that the hippocampus, which is vital for spatial memory, is enlarged in ____ drivers.

The point is that the physical architecture of the brain changes according to where we direct our attention and what we practice ____

How did the human mind ____

One possibility is that competition and conflicts with other human ____ caused our brains to evolve the way they did.

A human tribe that could outthink its enemies, even ____ possessed a vital advantage.

The ability of your tribe to imagine and predict where and when a hostile enemy tribe ____ strike, and plan accordingly, gives your tribe a significant military advantage.

The human mind became a weapon in the struggle for survival, a weapon far more decisive than any ____ it.

And this mental advantage was applied, over and over, within each succeeding ____

The tribe that could out-think its opponents was more likely to succeed in battle and would then pass on the genes responsible for this mental advantage to ____ offspring.

You and ____ are the descendants of the winners.

To find the hidden potential in ____ instead of brainstorming, we're better off shifting to a process called brainwriting.

____ initial steps are solo.

____ start by asking everyone to generate ideas separately.

Next, you pool them and share them ____ among the group.

To preserve independent judgment, each member ____ them on their own.

Only then does the team ____ together to select and refine the most promising options.

By developing and assessing ideas individually before choosing and elaborating them, teams can surface and advance possibilities that might ____ get attention otherwise.

This brainwriting process makes sure that all ideas are brought to the table and all voices are brought ____ the conversation.

It is especially effective in ____ that struggle to achieve collective intelligence.

Simply giving employees a sense of agency ― a feeling that they are in control, that they ____ genuine decision-making authority ― can radically increase how much energy and focus they bring to their jobs.

One 2010 study at a manufacturing plant in ____ for instance, carefully examined assembly-line workers who were empowered to make small decisions about their schedules and work environment.

They designed ____ own uniforms and had authority over shifts while all the manufacturing processes and pay scales stayed the same.

Within two months, productivity at the plant increased by 20 percent, with workers taking ____ breaks and making fewer mistakes.

Giving employees a sense of control improved how much self-discipline they ____ to their jobs.

As businesses shift some core business activities to digital, such as sales, marketing, or archiving, ____ is assumed that the impact on the environment will be less negative.

However, digital business activities ____ still threaten the environment.

In some cases, ____ harm of digital businesses can be even more hazardous.

A few decades ago, offices used to have much more paper waste since all ____ were paper based.

When workplaces shifted from ____ to digital documents, invoices, and emails, it was a promising step to save trees.

However, the cost ____ the Internet and electricity for the environment is neglected.

A recent Wired report declared that most data centers' energy ____ is fossil fuels.

When we store bigger data on ____ increased carbon emissions make our green clouds gray.

The carbon footprint of an email is smaller than mail sent via a post ____ but still, it causes four grams of CO2, and it can be as much as 50 grams if the attachment is big.

Problems often arise if an exotic species is suddenly introduced ____ an ecosystem.

Britain's red ____ grey squirrels provide a clear example.

____ the grey arrived from America in the 1870s, both squirrel species competed for the same food and habitat, which put the native red squirrel populations under pressure.

The grey had the edge ____ it can adapt its diet; it is able, for instance, to eat green acorns, while the red can only digest mature acorns.

Within the same area of forest, grey squirrels can destroy the food supply ____ red squirrels even have a bite.

Greys can ____ live more densely and in varied habitats, so have survived more easily when woodland has been destroyed.

____ a result, the red squirrel has come close to extinction in England.

Growing crops forced people to stay in ____ place.

Hunter-gatherers typically moved around frequently, and they ____ to be able to carry all their possessions with them every time they moved.

In particular, mothers ____ to carry their young children.

As a result, hunter-gatherer mothers could have only one baby every four years or so, spacing their births so that they ____ had to carry more than one child at a time.

Farmers, on the other hand, could live in the same place year after year and did ____ have to worry about transporting young children long distances.

Societies that settled down in one place were able to shorten their birth intervals from ____ years to about two.

This meant that each woman could have more children than her hunter-gatherer counterpart, which in turn resulted in rapid population growth ____ farming communities.

An increased population was actually an advantage to agricultural societies, because farming required large amounts ____ human labor.

Spending time as children allows animals ____ learn about their environment.

Without childhood, animals must rely more fully on hardware, and therefore be less ____

Among migratory bird species, those that are born knowing how, when, and where to migrate ─ ____ that are migrating entirely with instructions they were born with ─ sometimes have very inefficient migration routes.

____ birds, born knowing how to migrate, don't adapt easily.

So when lakes dry up, forest becomes farmland, or climate change pushes breeding grounds farther north, those birds that ____ born knowing how to migrate keep flying by the old rules and maps.

By comparison, ____ with the longest childhoods, and those that migrate with their parents, tend to have the most efficient migration routes.

Childhood facilitates the passing on of cultural information, ____ culture can evolve faster than genes.

Childhood gives ____ in a changing world.

Over the last several decades, scholars have developed standards for how best to create, organize, present, and preserve ____ information for future generations.

What has remained neglected for the most part, however, are the needs of people ____ disabilities.

As a result, many of the otherwise most valuable digital resources are useless for people who are deaf or hard of hearing, as ____ as for people who are blind, have low vision, or have difficulty distinguishing particular colors.

While professionals working in educational technology and commercial web design ____ made significant progress in meeting the needs of such users, some scholars creating digital projects all too often fail to take these needs into account.

This situation would be much improved if more projects embraced the idea that we should always keep the largest possible audience in mind as we make design decisions, ensuring that our final product serves the needs of ____ with disabilities as well as those without.

The needs of people with disabilities have often been overlooked in ____ projects, which could be changed by adopting an inclusive design.

All humans, to an extent, seek activities that cause a degree of pain in order to experience pleasure, whether this is found ____ spicy food, strong massages, or stepping into a too-cold or too-hot bath.

The key is that it ____ a 'safe threat'.

The brain perceives the stimulus to be painful ____ ultimately non-threatening.

Interestingly, this could be similar to the way ____ works: a 'safe threat' that causes pleasure by playfully violating norms.

We feel ____ but safe.

In this context, where survival is clearly not ____ danger, the desire for pain is actually the desire for a reward, not suffering or punishment.

____ reward-like effect comes from the feeling of mastery over the pain.

The closer you look at ____ chilli-eating habit, the more remarkable it seems.

When the active ingredient of chillies ─ capsaicin ─ touches the tongue, it stimulates exactly the same receptor that is activated when any ____ these tissues are burned.

____ that our body is firing off danger signals, but that we are actually completely safe, produces pleasure.

All children start off hating chilli, but many learn to derive ____ from it through repeated exposure and knowing that they will never experience any real harm.

Interestingly, seeking pain for the pain itself appears to be ____ human.

____ only way scientists have trained animals to have a preference for chilli or to self-harm is to have the pain always directly associated with a pleasurable reward.