2024년 6월 고1 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

The costs of interruptions ____ well-documented.

Martin Luther King Jr. lamented them when ____ described "that lovely poem that didn't get written because someone knocked on the door."

Perhaps the most famous literary example happened in 1797 when Samuel Taylor Coleridge started writing his poem Kubla Khan from a dream he had but then ____ visited by an unexpected guest.

For Coleridge, by coincidence, the untimely visitor came ____ a particularly bad time.

He forgot his inspiration and left the work ____

While there are many documented cases of sudden disruptions that have had significant consequences for professionals in critical roles such as doctors, nurses, control room operators, stock traders, and ____ they also impact most of us in our everyday lives, slowing down work productivity and generally increasing stress levels.

There's a lot of scientific evidence demonstrating that focused attention leads to the reshaping ____ the brain.

In animals rewarded for noticing ____ (to hunt or to avoid being hunted for example), we find much larger auditory centers in the brain.

In animals rewarded for sharp eyesight, the ____ areas are larger.

Brain scans of violinists provide more evidence, showing dramatic growth and expansion in regions of ____ cortex that represent the left hand, which has to finger the strings precisely, often at very high speed.

Other studies have shown that the hippocampus, which ____ vital for spatial memory, is enlarged in taxi drivers.

____ point is that the physical architecture of the brain changes according to where we direct our attention and what we practice doing.

How did the human ____ evolve?

One possibility is that competition and conflicts with other human tribes caused our brains to evolve the ____ they did.

A human ____ that could outthink its enemies, even slightly, possessed a vital advantage.

The ability of your tribe to imagine and predict where and ____ a hostile enemy tribe might strike, and plan accordingly, gives your tribe a significant military advantage.

The human mind ____ a weapon in the struggle for survival, a weapon far more decisive than any before it.

And this mental advantage was applied, over and over, ____ each succeeding generation.

The tribe that could out-think its opponents was more likely to succeed in battle and would then pass on the genes responsible for this mental advantage ____ its offspring.

You and I are the ____ of the winners.

To find the hidden potential in teams, instead of ____ we're better off shifting to a process called brainwriting.

The initial ____ are solo.

You start by asking everyone to generate ideas ____

Next, you pool them and share ____ anonymously among the group.

To preserve independent judgment, each member evaluates them on ____ own.

Only then does the team come together to select and refine the most promising ____

By developing and assessing ideas individually before choosing and elaborating them, ____ can surface and advance possibilities that might not get attention otherwise.

____ brainwriting process makes sure that all ideas are brought to the table and all voices are brought into the conversation.

It ____ especially effective in groups that struggle to achieve collective intelligence.

Simply giving ____ a sense of agency ― a feeling that they are in control, that they have genuine decision-making authority ― can radically increase how much energy and focus they bring to their jobs.

One 2010 study at a manufacturing plant in Ohio, for instance, carefully examined ____ workers who were empowered to make small decisions about their schedules and work environment.

They designed their own uniforms and had authority over ____ while all the manufacturing processes and pay scales stayed the same.

Within two months, productivity at the plant increased by 20 percent, with workers taking shorter breaks and making fewer ____

Giving employees a sense of control improved ____ much self-discipline they brought to their jobs.

As businesses shift some core business activities to digital, such as sales, marketing, or archiving, it is assumed that the impact on the environment will ____ less negative.

However, digital business activities can still threaten ____ environment.

In some cases, the harm of ____ businesses can be even more hazardous.

A few decades ago, offices used to have much more paper waste ____ all documents were paper based.

When workplaces shifted from paper to digital documents, invoices, and emails, it was a promising step to save ____

However, the cost of the Internet and ____ for the environment is neglected.

A recent Wired report ____ that most data centers' energy source is fossil fuels.

When we store ____ data on clouds, increased carbon emissions make our green clouds gray.

The carbon footprint of an ____ is smaller than mail sent via a post office, but still, it causes four grams of CO2, and it can be as much as 50 grams if the attachment is big.

Problems often arise ____ an exotic species is suddenly introduced to an ecosystem.

Britain's red and grey squirrels provide ____ clear example.

When the grey arrived from America in the ____ both squirrel species competed for the same food and habitat, which put the native red squirrel populations under pressure.

The grey had the edge because it can adapt its diet; ____ is able, for instance, to eat green acorns, while the red can only digest mature acorns.

Within the same area of forest, grey squirrels can destroy the ____ supply before red squirrels even have a bite.

Greys can also live ____ densely and in varied habitats, so have survived more easily when woodland has been destroyed.

As a result, the red ____ has come close to extinction in England.

Growing crops forced people to stay in ____ place.

Hunter-gatherers typically moved around frequently, and they had to be able to carry all ____ possessions with them every time they moved.

In particular, mothers ____ to carry their young children.

As a result, hunter-gatherer mothers could have only one baby every four years or so, spacing their births so that they never ____ to carry more than one child at a time.

Farmers, on the other hand, could live in the same ____ year after year and did not have to worry about transporting young children long distances.

Societies that settled down in one place were able ____ shorten their birth intervals from four years to about two.

This meant that each woman could have more children than her hunter-gatherer counterpart, which in turn resulted in rapid population growth ____ farming communities.

An increased population was actually an advantage ____ agricultural societies, because farming required large amounts of human labor.

Spending time as children allows animals to ____ about their environment.

Without childhood, animals must ____ more fully on hardware, and therefore be less flexible.

Among migratory bird species, those that are born ____ how, when, and where to migrate ─ those that are migrating entirely with instructions they were born with ─ sometimes have very inefficient migration routes.

These birds, born knowing how to migrate, ____ adapt easily.

So when lakes dry up, forest becomes farmland, or climate change pushes breeding grounds farther north, those birds that are born knowing how to ____ keep flying by the old rules and maps.

By comparison, birds with the longest childhoods, and those that migrate with their parents, tend to ____ the most efficient migration routes.

Childhood facilitates the passing on of cultural ____ and culture can evolve faster than genes.

Childhood ____ flexibility in a changing world.

Over the last several decades, scholars have developed standards for how best to create, organize, present, and ____ digital information for future generations.

What has remained neglected for the most part, however, ____ the needs of people with disabilities.

As a result, many of the otherwise most valuable digital resources are useless ____ people who are deaf or hard of hearing, as well as for people who are blind, have low vision, or have difficulty distinguishing particular colors.

While ____ working in educational technology and commercial web design have made significant progress in meeting the needs of such users, some scholars creating digital projects all too often fail to take these needs into account.

This situation would be much improved if more ____ embraced the idea that we should always keep the largest possible audience in mind as we make design decisions, ensuring that our final product serves the needs of those with disabilities as well as those without.

The needs of people with disabilities have often been overlooked in digital projects, which could be changed by adopting an ____ design.

All ____ to an extent, seek activities that cause a degree of pain in order to experience pleasure, whether this is found in spicy food, strong massages, or stepping into a too-cold or too-hot bath.

The key is ____ it is a 'safe threat'.

The brain perceives the ____ to be painful but ultimately non-threatening.

____ this could be similar to the way humor works: a 'safe threat' that causes pleasure by playfully violating norms.

____ feel uncomfortable, but safe.

In this context, where survival is clearly not in danger, the desire for pain is actually the desire ____ a reward, not suffering or punishment.

This reward-like effect comes from the feeling of ____ over the pain.

The closer you look at your chilli-eating habit, ____ more remarkable it seems.

When the active ingredient of chillies ─ capsaicin ─ touches the tongue, it stimulates exactly the same receptor that is activated ____ any of these tissues are burned.

Knowing that our body is firing ____ danger signals, but that we are actually completely safe, produces pleasure.

All children ____ off hating chilli, but many learn to derive pleasure from it through repeated exposure and knowing that they will never experience any real harm.

Interestingly, ____ pain for the pain itself appears to be uniquely human.

The only way scientists have ____ animals to have a preference for chilli or to self-harm is to have the pain always directly associated with a pleasurable reward.