2024년 9월 고1 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

You hear again and again ____ some of the greatest composers were misunderstood in their own day.

Not everyone could understand the ____ of Beethoven, Brahms, or Stravinsky in their day.

The reason for this initial lack of acceptance ____ unfamiliarity.

The musical forms, ____ ideas expressed within them, were completely new.

And yet, this is ____ one of the things that makes them so great.

Effective composers have ____ own ideas.

____ you ever seen the classic movie Amadeus?

The composer Antonio Salieri is the "host" of this movie; he's depicted as ____ of the most famous Nongreat composers ― he lived at the time of Mozart and was completely overshadowed by him.

Now, Salieri wasn't a bad composer; in fact, he was ____ very good one.

But he wasn't one of the world's ____ composers because his work wasn't original.

What ____ wrote sounded just like what everyone else was composing at the time.

Every time ____ new medium comes along ─ whether it's the invention of the printed book, or TV, or SNS ─ and you start to use it, it's like you are putting on a new kind of goggles, with their own special colors and lenses.

____ set of goggles you put on makes you see things differently.

So when you start to watch television, before you absorb the message of any particular TV show ─ whether ____ Wheel of Fortune or The Wire ─ you start to see the world as being shaped like television itself.

That's why Marshall McLuhan said that every time a new medium comes along ─ a new way for humans to communicate ─ it has ____ in it a message.

It is gently guiding us to see the world according to a new ____ of codes.

The way information gets to you, McLuhan argued, is more important than the ____ itself.

TV ____ you that the world is fast; that it's about surfaces and appearances.

Concepts are vital to human survival, but we must also be careful with them because concepts open the ____ to essentialism.

____ encourage us to see things that aren't present.

____ Firestein opens his book, Ignorance, with an old proverb, "It is very difficult to find a black cat in a dark room, especially when there is no cat."

This statement beautifully sums up the search ____ essences.

History has many examples of scientists who searched fruitlessly for an ____ because they used the wrong concept to guide their hypotheses.

Firestein gives the example of luminiferous ether, a mysterious substance that was thought to fill the universe so that light would have a ____ to move through.

The ____ was a black cat, writes Firestein, and physicists had been theorizing in a dark room, and then experimenting in it, looking for evidence of a cat that did not exist.

While social media attention is potentially an instrument to achieve ends like elite celebrity, some content creators desire ____ fame as a social end in itself.

Not unlike reality television stars, social media celebrities are often criticized for not having skills and ____ associated with traditional, elite celebrity, such as acting or singing ability.

This criticism highlights ____ fact that digital content creators face real barriers to crossing over to the sphere of elite celebrity.

However, the criticism also misses the point that the phenomenon of ____ celebrity reconstructs the meaning of fame.

The elite celebrity is symbolized by the metaphor of the star, characterized by mystery and hierarchical distance and associated with ____ qualities of talent and class.

The ordinary celebrity attracts attention through regular and frequent ____ with other ordinary people.

Achieving ordinary fame as a social ____ celebrity is like doing well at a game, because in this sphere, fame is nothing more nor less than relatively high scores on attention scales, the metrics of subscribers, followers, Likes, or clicks built into social media applications.

Why do we have the ____ that cramming for an exam is the best learning strategy?

Because we are unable ____ differentiate between the various sections of our memory.

____ after reading our textbook or our class notes, information is fully present in our mind.

____ sits in our conscious working memory, in an active form.

We feel as if we know it, because it is present in our short-term storage space ... but this ____ section has nothing to do with the long-term memory that we will need in order to recall the same information a few days later.

After a few seconds or minutes, working memory already starts disappearing, and after a few ____ the effect becomes enormous: unless you retest your knowledge, memory vanishes.

To get information into long-term memory, it is essential to study ____ material, then test yourself, rather than spend all your time studying.

The discovery of mirror neurons has profoundly changed the way we think of a fundamental human capacity, ____ by observation.

As children we learn a lot by observing what our parents and ____ do.

Newborns, in the first week of life, have ____ inborn tendency to stick out their tongue if their parents stick out theirs.

Such imitation is not ____

You may not see the tongue stick out each time you stick yours out at your newborn, but if you do it many times, the tongue will come out more ____ than if you do something different.

Babies babble and ____ start to imitate the sounds their parents produce.

Later still, ____ play with vacuum cleaners and hammers in imitation of their parents.

Our modern cultures, in which we write, speak, read, build spaceships and go to school, can work only because we are ____ restricted to the behavior we are born with or learn by trial and error.

We can learn a lot by ____ watching others.

Have you ever been ____ to hear a recording of your own voice?

____ might have thought, "Is that really what my voice sounds like?"

Maybe your accent is more pronounced in the recording than you realized, or your voice is higher than it seems to ____ own ears.

This is of course quite a common experience. The explanation is ____ fairly simple.

____ are two pathways through which we perceive our own voice when we speak.

One is the route through which we perceive most external sounds, like waves that travel from the air through the outer, ____ and inner ear.

But because our vocal cords vibrate when we speak, there is ____ second internal path.

Vibrations are conducted through ____ bones and stimulate our inner ears directly.

Lower frequencies are ____ along this pathway.

That makes your ____ sound deeper and richer to yourself than it may sound to other people.

Biologists ____ two kinds of similarity.

"Analogous" traits are ones that have a common function but arose on different branches of the evolutionary tree and are ____ an important sense not "the same" organ.

The wings of birds and the wings of bees are both used for flight and are similar in some ways because anything used for flight has to be built in those ways, but they arose independently in evolution and have nothing in common beyond their use in ____

"Homologous" traits, in contrast, may or may not ____ a common function, but they descended from a common ancestor and hence have some common structure that indicates their being "the same" organ.

The wing of a bat and the front leg of a ____ have very different functions, but they are all modifications of the forelimb of the ancestor of all mammals.

As a result, they share nonfunctional traits like the number of bones and the ways ____ are connected.

To distinguish analogy from ____ biologists usually look at the overall architecture of the organs and focus on their most useless properties.

Seawater contains an abundance of ____ oxygen that all marine animals breathe to stay alive.

____ has long been established in physics that cold water holds more dissolved oxygen than warm water does ― this is one reason that cold polar seas are full of life while tropical oceans are blue, clear, and relatively poorly populated with living creatures.

Thus, as global warming raises the temperature of ____ waters, it is self-evident that the amount of dissolved oxygen will decrease.

This is a worrisome and potentially disastrous consequence if allowed to continue to an ecosystem-threatening ____

Now scientists have analyzed ____ indicating that the amount of dissolved oxygen in the oceans has been declining for more than a half century.

The data show that the ocean oxygen level has been falling more rapidly than the corresponding rise ____ water temperature.

Falling oxygen levels in water have the potential to impact the habitat of marine organisms worldwide and in recent years this has led to more frequent anoxic events that killed or displaced populations of ____ crabs, and many other organisms.

Capuchins ― New World Monkeys that live in large social groups ― will, in captivity, trade with people all day long, ____ if food is involved.

I give you this rock and ____ give me a treat to eat.

____ you put two monkeys in cages next to each other, and offer them both slices of cucumber for the rocks they already have, they will happily eat the cucumbers.

If, however, you give one monkey grapes instead ― grapes being universally preferred to cucumbers ― the monkey that is still receiving cucumbers will begin to throw them back ____ the experimenter.

Even though she is still getting "paid" the same amount for her effort ____ sourcing rocks, and so her particular situation has not changed, the comparison to another makes the situation unfair.

Furthermore, she is now willing to abandon all gains ― ____ cucumbers themselves ― to communicate her displeasure to the experimenter.

According to the passage, if the Capuchin monkey realizes the inequality in rewards compared to another monkey, she will reject her rewards to express her feelings about the treatment, despite getting exactly the same rewards ____ before.

Higher education has grown ____ an elite to a mass system across the world.

In Europe and the USA, increased rates ____ participation occurred in the decades after the Second World War.

Between 2000 and 2014, rates of participation in higher education almost ____ from 19% to 34% across the world among the members of the population in the school-leaving age category (typically 18-23).

The dramatic expansion of ____ education has been marked by a wider range of institutions of higher learning and a more diverse demographic of students.

Changes from an elite system to a mass higher ____ system are associated with political needs to build a specialized workforce for the economy.

In theory, the expansion of higher education to develop a highly skilled workforce should diminish ____ role of examinations in the selection and control of students, initiating approaches to assessment which enable lifelong learning: assessment for learning and a focus on feedback for development.

In reality, sociopolitical changes to expand higher education have set up a ____ of contradictions' for assessment in higher education.

Mass higher education requires efficient approaches to assessment, such as examinations and multiple-choice quizzes, with minimalist, impersonal, or standardised feedback, often causing students to focus ____ on grades than feedback.

In contrast, the relatively small numbers of students in elite systems in the past allowed for closer relationships between students and their teachers, with formative feedback shaping the minds, academic skills, and even the ____ of students.