2026년 6월 고2 모의고사 영어 변형문제

The annual Riverdale Science Fair will be held on July 18 with the theme ____ Future.”

____ we announced the fair last month, student registration is still lower than we expected.

Therefore, we would like to encourage more of you to take ____

You are invited to present a project, experiment, or model related to ____ conservation or renewable energy.

You will have ____ opportunity to showcase your work for teachers, peers, and local scientists.

If you are interested, please submit a brief description of your work ____ June 25.

We look forward to your ____

Luna went to the bakery to pick ____ a chocolate cake for her dad’s 70th birthday.

As she opened the box, ____ couldn’t understand what she saw. It was a lemon cake.

Then she noticed the message on ____

It said, “Happy 50th ____ Dad!”

Luna said to the baker, “I don’t get ____ The flavor and the message are wrong.”

She wondered if she made a mistake ____ ordering.

The ____ asked her to wait and walked away.

Moments ____ he returned with her cake, explaining they had received two similar orders.

Knowing she had chosen a quality bakery, Luna said, “I see. Well, ____ looks perfect, even better than I imagined.”

We can sometimes assume that the ____ will be as good as each of its parts.

Suppose, for ____ you’re in charge of a startup, and you know that everyone you’ve brought on board is productive and efficient.

It might seem logical to assume that, as ____ result, the startup will be productive and efficient, too — but this isn’t necessarily true.

The fallacy of composition fails to allow for how the ____ “parts” interact with each other — if, for example, your efficient administrator and your highly skilled head of IT each assumes the other is in charge of collating prototype test results, then you have a problem.

Equally, a unit composed of good people can ____ be working on a doomed project, and a project composed of good ideas may lack a stable center.

When assembling a team ____ a common goal, always check the overall view as well as the individuals involved.

Humans excel at ____ imagery.

Our brains evolved this ability to create an internal mental picture or model of the world in which we can rehearse forthcoming actions, without the ____ or the penalties of doing them in the real world.

There are even ____ from brain­imaging studies by Harvard University psychologist Steve Kosslyn showing that your brain uses the same regions to imagine a scene as when you actually view one.

But evolution has seen to it that such internally generated representations are never as authentic as the ____ thing.

This is a wise ____ of self­restraint on your genes’ part.

If your internal model of the world were a perfect substitute, then anytime you felt hungry you could simply imagine yourself at a ____ consuming a feast.

You would have no incentive to find real ____ and would soon starve to death.

As the Bard said, “You cannot cloy the ____ edge of appetite by bare imagination of a feast.”

For each objective probability — from one percent to 100 percent ____ we want to know the subjective probability weight.

When we make decisions, ____ we treat a one­percent chance just like one percent, or like something else?

Events that could happen but aren’t likely — low­probability events — can be defined as probabilities up to ____ 25 percent.

Low­probability events tend to factor more into decisions than they ____

That ____ an event that has an objective one­percent chance of occurring could subjectively seem like it has a five­percent chance of occurring.

We overestimate the likelihood ____ these low­probability events.

In general, the smaller ____ probability, the more we overestimate its likelihood.

For example, people who ____ the lottery are often optimistic about winning.

However, the odds of a single ticket winning the largest, most popular U.S. lotteries are on ____ order of one in 175 million.

Many of the ____ to trade exist not because of a lack of markets or customers, but because there are major barriers to getting products to market at competitive prices.

Transaction costs are significant for companies — not only the straight exchange costs, but also the cost of converting, paying, and hedging funds just to pay for the goods ____ services.

Having a common currency means that ____ of those transaction costs disappear and the savings can be reinvested back into firms’ productivity and innovation.

Basically, useless costs turn into productive costs — with longer­term benefits to the whole ____

By unifying some of the currencies, ____ economies benefit and grow more than they would as independents.

So ____ common currency provides for a strong economic foundation that all can benefit from.

The light from even our nearest stellar ____ takes four years to reach us.

When we look at the stars, we are ____ back in time. This is an incredible gift.

We can see parts of space, parts ____ our universe, as they were many years ago.

The ____ we can collect light from, the further back in time we can look.

If you look at the bright star Betelgeuse, which glows in the Orion constellation, you wind time back more than six ____ years.

Its reddish glow ____ its journey to Earth in the Middle Ages.

The stars in Orion’s belt are even further ____

____ light, familiar to generations of humans, has travelled at least 1,000 years to reach us.

This means we have a chance of understanding ____ history of the universe because we can see the more distant parts of it as they were in the past, thousands or millions or billions of years ago.

Jacob Lawrence was an American painter known for vivid scenes of African­ American history ____ daily life.

Born in Atlantic City in 1917, he moved to Harlem at 13 and studied art at Utopia ____ Center.

He used ____ colors and simplified shapes in his paintings.

The Migration Series, widely regarded as Jacob Lawrence’s ____ brought him national recognition.

During World War ____ he served in the U.S. Coast Guard and produced many paintings, but most of them were lost.

Later, he ____ at the University of Washington for 16 years.

Throughout ____ lifetime, he received honorary degrees from several universities, including Harvard.

Until a few weeks before his ____ he continued to explore the lives of African­Americans through his painting.

The renowned British philosopher Alfred North Whitehead asserted ____ “civilization advances by extending the number of operations we can perform without thinking about them.”

Take, for example, the “advance” offered to civilization by the discount coupon, which allows consumers to assume that ____ will receive a reduced purchase price by presenting the coupon.

The extent to which we have learned to operate mechanically on that assumption is illustrated in the experience of one ____ company.

Mailed­out coupons that ― because of a printing error ― offered no savings to recipients produced just as much customer ____ as did error­free coupons that offered substantial savings.

The obvious but instructive point here is that we expect discount ____ to do double duty.

Not only do we expect them to save us money, we also expect them to save us ____ time and mental energy required to think about how to do it.

In today’s world, we need the first advantage to handle pocketbook strain; but we need the second advantage to handle something ____ more important ― brain strain.

Usually, innovative high­tech products have ____ price elasticity.

This means that high variation ____ price, an increase as well as a decrease, does not significantly modify demand.

These high­tech products have few substitutes, meaning that the costs to switch ____ another product are high.

Additionally, ____ the first stage of the technology, buyers — either innovators or forerunners — are less sensitive to price than to additional performance; they often have deep pockets or are ready to spend a lot for a new innovative and outstanding product.

For instance, with its new product range, a high­end mobile phone manufacturer is aiming at the 3% of millionaire households with assets of more than $2.5 million; those are customers who are ready to ____ the price range the manufacturer has set.

At that stage, the competitors are not interested in lowering their price significantly whatsoever, because they are chasing the same categories ____ customers, not sensitive to price.

Furthermore, the high price of these products is often perceived as a sign of quality and reinforces ____ customer’s confidence in the company.

One easily underappreciated feature of a city street or square ____ its “future­proof” nature.

The ancient medieval squares in places like Marrakesh and Siena are still places ____ stuff is sold every day, even if the stuff itself has changed over the last five hundred years.

The city square is a fairly ____ technology, as is the shopping street, even in an age of online shopping.

For ____ the same physical store that once sold buggy whips and typewriters might now repair damaged phones and sell bubble tea.

The same ____ supports evolving uses.

Jane Jacobs, the great prophet of the city economy, made much of this fact in her books, including The Death and Life of Great American Cities and ____ Nature of Economies.

____ she pointed out, the great advantage of a city architecture is its ability to support change in uses, and Jacobs correctly predicted the persistence of the city itself, unlike those who predicted the rise of the Internet would mean the death of the city.

The genomics revolution made it possible to see just how impactful touch is to plants on a ____ level.

____ at the genes of Arabidopsis thaliana, a weedy plant in the mustard family and the lab rat of the plant biology world, researchers saw that touch quietly triggered such a dramatic response in their hormones and gene expression that it could substantially inhibit their growth.

They stroked the arabidopsis with soft paintbrushes, and then analyzed the plants’ ____ responses.

Within thirty ____ of being touched, 10 percent of the plant’s genome was altered.

Clearly, the plant was ____ its priorities to deal with the disturbance, and rerouting energy away from the hard work of getting taller.

Touched ____ times, arabidopsis cut its upward growth rate by as much as 30 percent.

The high price of land in metropolitan areas has implications for the efficient employment of ____

For example, in New York City, as in many large cities, sidewalk vending carts sell ____ from hot dogs to ice cream.

Why are these carts so popular, with over 3,000 ____ New York City alone?

Consider the resources used to supply hot dogs: land, labor, capital, entrepreneurial ability, plus intermediate goods such as hot dogs, buns, ____ other ingredients.

Which of these do you suppose is most expensive in New ____ City?

Retail space along Madison Avenue rents for an average of $550 a year ____ square foot.

Because operating a hot dog cart requires about 4 square yards, ____ could cost as much as $20,000 a year to rent that much commercial space.

Aside from the necessary public permits, however, space on the public sidewalk is free to ____

Profit­maximizing street vendors substitute public sidewalks for ____ commercial space.

The process we go through when we look at a work of art to determine if we recognize and can make sense ____ its content is not just a visual one

It is a mental process as well, largely based on the ____ within and about the work we can identify and categorize.

As we look and think, we may be given clues about what ____ work means by where it is, when it was made, what culture it came from, who created it, or why it was made.

Any information we can gather helps us understand the work’s context, that is, for what historical, social, personal, political, or scientific reasons the work of ____ was made.

And then, using all the contextual information we have gathered, we interpret the work of art’s content ____ discover what it means or symbolizes.

For most ____ the struggle to survive takes up all their time.

Finding food and drink, keeping warm and clean, ____ predators, migrating and reproducing use up all their energies.

If ____ do have any time to spare, they spend it resting or sleeping.

Only very young animals, under the protection of their parents, have enough ____ energy to engage in lively bouts of play.

This was also true for ____ early ancestors.

The constant search ____ food would have put heavy demands upon them.

But as they slowly ____ into more and more efficient hunters, the situation changed.

The secret of their success was the development of much greater ____

They used brain not brawn ____ kill their prey.

At the end of the long hunting era, before they ____ to farming, they were already enjoying some degree of affluence.

In certain regions, at particular times of year, the prey was sufficiently plentiful and their hunting ____ sufficiently advanced for them to experience a remarkable degree of prosperity.

They had ____ on their hands.

____ about a time when you were startled.

Did you come to a sudden stop, freeze all your movements, and hold your breath as you scanned the environment for a ____

All these responses maximize our ____ to avoid detection, locate the source of possible danger, and prepare to fight or flee.

As sophisticated as language has become, it is still the creation of sound that ____ give away our location to a potential predator.

Because of this, the freeze response ____ in the inhibition of language in highly stressful and traumatic situations.

____ selection promoted the evolution of language but conserved the freeze rule.

When the threat passes, we begin to relax and find our voices again, perhaps ____ to laugh at our own reactions.

But what if we ____ never relax?

What if our experiences shape our ____ to be in a constant state of fear?

This interference with the proper development and integration of neural networks ____ result in chronic stress and even mental illness.

Video gaming is one of the most studied technologies with regard to ____

Because there have been longstanding concerns about the impact ____ violent video games on youth, much research has been conducted over the last couple of decades on the topic.

While measuring and documenting the impact of video game violence, scientists have formulated credible explanations of how ____ gaming could affect empathy.

Part of a normal, healthy reaction to witnessing violent events is to feel negative emotions, and ____ experience physiological arousal that is connected to fear or disgust.

With ____ exposure to violent events — such as what might happen when a person plays violent video games — this normal reaction might become blunted, a phenomenon known as desensitization.

The next step in this problematic process would be having diminished ____ responses to violence, which could also interfere with the ability to recognize and/or to sympathize with others, leading to reduced empathy.

A significant body ____ work shows an association between extensive violent video gaming and reduced empathy in people. *

Realising the benefits of differentiation, some brands broadcast their social purpose before they do much ____ good.

Their marketers are using social ____ to boost the brand’s reputation, rather than embracing the purpose itself.

Making a real difference with social problems is hard enough; to succeed, it has ____ follow from an authentic, company­wide commitment to the purpose.

Otherwise the mission is just window­dressing, or what we call “purpose­washing” ― similar to green­washing, where purpose­driven ____ serve mainly for publicity purposes.

We end up with what Anand Giridhardas describes in Winners Take All : “social purpose that just furthers the charade of elites disrupting the old order without giving ____ back”.

Purpose­washing brands gain ____ of the benefits of social purpose, differentiation, but only for a short while.

They lose out on positioning ____ future markets, and they might even make employees feel worse about working for them.

The brain needs to create a model of a constant pulse ― a schema ― so that we know when the musicians are not conforming to ____

This is similar to variations of a melody: We need to have a mental representation of what the melody is in order to know ― and appreciate ― when the musician is ____ liberties with it.

Metrical extraction, knowing what the pulse is and when we expect it to occur, is ____ crucial part of musical emotion.

Music communicates to us emotionally through ____ violations of expectations.

These violations can occur in any domain ― the domain of pitch, ____ tempo, and so on ― but occur they must.

Music is organized sound, but the organization ____ to involve some element of the unexpected or it is emotionally flat and robotic.

Too much organization may technically still be music, but it would be music that ____ one wants to listen to.

The brain ____ anticipated musical patterns, which creates the possibility for emotional impact to arise when musicians break these patterns, making music engaging.

The ____ consumer of oil is transport.

But consider what has happened over the last 30 years or so to the technology involved in producing the internal ____ engine.

Because oil is expensive, car engines today are far more efficient in their consumption ____ fuel (and far less polluting) than they were in 1972.

The cars that Asia buys tomorrow will certainly not be anything like those Americans use ____

Americans ____ not buy today’s cars tomorrow either.

In fact, if the price of oil does rise much further then fuel cell technology ____ produces energy from water!) will receive yet another momentum.

The big ____ multinationals have already produced the prototype motors ― they are currently racing to try and get prices down and engine performances up.

Their future profits depend upon ____

Imagine now if there ____ a breakthrough in fuel cell technology.

____ would happen to oil prices?

They would fall dramatically ― signalling much less demand than supply ― and oil companies and ____ oil producers would stand to lose much income.

The fact that this threat is real is driving the producers to look for alternative ____ of income.

The ‘oil majors’ have diversified and are now more ____ companies than oil companies these days and the OPEC countries are urgently attempting to develop other industries.