2024년 6월 고1 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

The ____ of interruptions are well-documented.

Martin Luther ____ Jr. lamented them when he described "that lovely poem that didn't get written because someone knocked on the door."

Perhaps the most famous literary example happened in 1797 when Samuel Taylor Coleridge started writing his ____ Kubla Khan from a dream he had but then was visited by an unexpected guest.

For ____, by coincidence, the untimely visitor came at a particularly bad time.

He ____ his inspiration and left the work unfinished.

While there are ____ documented cases of sudden disruptions that have had significant consequences for professionals in critical roles such as doctors, nurses, control room operators, stock traders, and pilots, they also impact most of us in our everyday lives, slowing down work productivity and generally increasing stress levels.

There's a lot of ____ evidence demonstrating that focused attention leads to the reshaping of the brain.

In animals rewarded for noticing sound (to hunt or to avoid being hunted for example), we find much larger ____ centers in the brain.

In animals rewarded for ____ eyesight, the visual areas are larger.

Brain scans of violinists provide more evidence, showing dramatic growth and expansion in regions of the cortex that represent the left hand, which has to finger the strings precisely, often at very ____ speed.

Other studies have shown that the hippocampus, ____ is vital for spatial memory, is enlarged in taxi drivers.

The point is that the physical architecture of the brain changes ____ to where we direct our attention and what we practice doing.

How did the human ____ evolve?

One possibility is that competition and conflicts with other human tribes ____ our brains to evolve the way they did.

A human tribe that could outthink its ____, even slightly, possessed a vital advantage.

The ability of your tribe to imagine and predict where and when a hostile enemy tribe might strike, and plan accordingly, gives your ____ a significant military advantage.

The human mind became a weapon in the struggle for survival, a weapon far more ____ than any before it.

And this mental ____ was applied, over and over, within each succeeding generation.

The tribe that could out-think its ____ was more likely to succeed in battle and would then pass on the genes responsible for this mental advantage to its offspring.

You and I are the descendants of the ____.

To find the hidden potential in teams, instead of brainstorming, we're better off shifting to a process ____ brainwriting.

The ____ steps are solo.

You start by asking everyone to generate ____ separately.

Next, you pool them and share ____ anonymously among the group.

To preserve independent judgment, ____ member evaluates them on their own.

Only then does the team come together to select and refine the most promising ____.

By developing and assessing ideas individually before choosing and elaborating them, teams can surface and advance possibilities that might not get ____ otherwise.

This brainwriting process makes sure that all ideas are brought to the ____ and all voices are brought into the conversation.

It is especially effective in ____ that struggle to achieve collective intelligence.

Simply giving employees a sense of agency ― a feeling that they are in control, that they have genuine ____ authority ― can radically increase how much energy and focus they bring to their jobs.

One 2010 study at a manufacturing plant in Ohio, for ____, carefully examined assembly-line workers who were empowered to make small decisions about their schedules and work environment.

They designed their ____ uniforms and had authority over shifts while all the manufacturing processes and pay scales stayed the same.

Within two months, ____ at the plant increased by 20 percent, with workers taking shorter breaks and making fewer mistakes.

Giving employees a sense of control improved how much self-discipline they brought to their ____.

As businesses shift some core business activities to digital, such as sales, marketing, or archiving, it is assumed that the impact on the environment ____ be less negative.

However, digital business activities can still threaten the ____.

In some cases, the harm of digital businesses can be even ____ hazardous.

A few decades ago, offices used to ____ much more paper waste since all documents were paper based.

When workplaces shifted from paper to digital documents, invoices, and emails, it was a ____ step to save trees.

However, the cost of the Internet and electricity for the ____ is neglected.

A recent Wired report declared that most data centers' energy source is fossil ____.

When we store ____ data on clouds, increased carbon emissions make our green clouds gray.

The carbon footprint of an email is smaller than mail sent via a ____ office, but still, it causes four grams of CO2, and it can be as much as 50 grams if the attachment is big.

Problems often arise if an exotic species is suddenly introduced to an ____.

Britain's ____ and grey squirrels provide a clear example.

When the grey arrived from America in the 1870s, both squirrel ____ competed for the same food and habitat, which put the native red squirrel populations under pressure.

The grey had the edge because it can adapt its diet; it is able, for instance, to eat green acorns, while the red can only digest ____ acorns.

Within the same ____ of forest, grey squirrels can destroy the food supply before red squirrels even have a bite.

Greys can also live more densely and in ____ habitats, so have survived more easily when woodland has been destroyed.

As a result, the red squirrel has ____ close to extinction in England.

Growing crops ____ people to stay in one place.

Hunter-gatherers typically moved around frequently, and they had to be able to carry all their possessions with ____ every time they moved.

In particular, mothers ____ to carry their young children.

As a result, hunter-gatherer mothers could have only one baby every four years or so, spacing their births so that they never ____ to carry more than one child at a time.

Farmers, on the other ____, could live in the same place year after year and did not have to worry about transporting young children long distances.

Societies that settled down in one place were able to shorten their birth intervals from four ____ to about two.

This meant that each woman could have ____ children than her hunter-gatherer counterpart, which in turn resulted in rapid population growth among farming communities.

An increased ____ was actually an advantage to agricultural societies, because farming required large amounts of human labor.

Spending time as ____ allows animals to learn about their environment.

Without childhood, animals must rely more fully on hardware, and ____ be less flexible.

Among migratory bird species, those that are born knowing how, when, and where to migrate ─ those that are migrating entirely with instructions they were ____ with ─ sometimes have very inefficient migration routes.

These birds, born knowing how to migrate, don't adapt ____.

So when lakes dry up, forest becomes farmland, or climate change ____ breeding grounds farther north, those birds that are born knowing how to migrate keep flying by the old rules and maps.

By comparison, birds with the longest childhoods, and those that migrate with their parents, tend to have the most ____ migration routes.

Childhood facilitates the passing on of cultural information, and culture can evolve faster than ____.

Childhood gives ____ in a changing world.

Over the last several decades, scholars have developed standards for how best to ____, organize, present, and preserve digital information for future generations.

What has remained neglected for the most part, however, are the ____ of people with disabilities.

As a result, many of the otherwise most valuable digital resources are useless for people ____ are deaf or hard of hearing, as well as for people who are blind, have low vision, or have difficulty distinguishing particular colors.

While professionals working in educational technology and commercial web ____ have made significant progress in meeting the needs of such users, some scholars creating digital projects all too often fail to take these needs into account.

This situation would be much improved if more projects embraced the idea that we should always keep the largest possible audience in mind as we make design decisions, ____ that our final product serves the needs of those with disabilities as well as those without.

The needs of people with disabilities have often been overlooked in ____ projects, which could be changed by adopting an inclusive design.

All humans, to an extent, seek activities that cause a degree of pain in order to experience pleasure, whether this is found in spicy food, strong massages, or stepping into a too-cold or ____ bath.

The key is that it is a '____ threat'.

The brain perceives the stimulus to be painful but ____ non-threatening.

Interestingly, this could be similar to the way humor works: a 'safe threat' that causes pleasure by playfully violating ____.

We feel uncomfortable, but ____.

In this ____, where survival is clearly not in danger, the desire for pain is actually the desire for a reward, not suffering or punishment.

This ____ effect comes from the feeling of mastery over the pain.

The closer you look at your chilli-eating habit, the ____ remarkable it seems.

When the active ingredient of chillies ─ capsaicin ─ touches the tongue, it stimulates exactly the same ____ that is activated when any of these tissues are burned.

____ that our body is firing off danger signals, but that we are actually completely safe, produces pleasure.

All children start off hating chilli, but many learn to derive pleasure from it through repeated exposure and knowing that they will never experience any ____ harm.

Interestingly, seeking pain for the ____ itself appears to be uniquely human.

The only way scientists have trained animals to have a preference for chilli or to self-harm is to have the pain always ____ associated with a pleasurable reward.