2023년 6월 고1 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

Individuals who perform at a high level in their profession often have instant credibility with ____.

People ____ them, they want to be like them, and they feel connected to them.

When they speak, others listen ― even if the area of their skill has ____ to do with the advice they give.

Think about a worldfamous basketball ____.

He has made more money from endorsements than he ever did playing ____.

Is it because of his ____ of the products he endorses?

No. It’s because of ____ he can do with a basketball.

The ____ can be said of an Olympic medalist swimmer.

____ listen to him because of what he can do in the pool.

And when an actor tells us we should ____ a certain car, we don’t listen because of his expertise on engines.

We listen because we admire his ____. Excellence connects.

If you possess a high level of ability in an area, others ____ desire to connect with you because of it.

Think of the ____ as a city. If you were to look out over a city and ask “where is the economy located?” you’d see there’s no good answer to the question.

Instead, the economy emerges from the interaction of ____ the elements ― from the stores and the banks to the merchants and the customers.

And so it is with the brain’s operation: it ____ happen in one spot.

Just as in a city, no neighborhood of the ____ operates in isolation.

In brains and in cities, everything emerges ____ the interaction between residents, at all scales, locally and distantly.

Just as trains bring materials and textiles into a ____, which become processed into the economy, so the raw electrochemical signals from sensory organs are transported along superhighways of neurons.

There the signals undergo processing and transformation into our ____ reality.

Someone else’s body language affects our own body, which then ____ an emotional echo that makes us feel accordingly.

As Louis Armstrong sang, “When you’re smiling, the whole ____ smiles with you.”

If copying another’s smile makes us feel ____, the emotion of the smiler has been transmitted via our body.

Strange as it may sound, this theory states that emotions arise ____ our bodies.

For example, our mood can be improved by simply ____ up the corners of our mouth.

If people are asked to bite down on a pencil lengthwise, taking care not to let the pencil ____ their lips (thus forcing the mouth into a smilelike shape), they judge cartoons funnier than if they have been asked to frown.

The primacy of the body is sometimes summarized in the phrase “I must be ____, because I’m running.”

Restricting the number of items customers can ____ boosts sales.

Brian Wansink, Professor of Marketing at Cornell University, investigated the effectiveness of this tactic in ____.

He ____ three supermarkets in Sioux City, Iowa, to offer Campbell’s soup at a small discount: 79 cents rather than 89 cents.

The discounted soup was sold in one of three conditions: a control, where there was no limit on the volume of purchases, or two tests, where customers were limited to either ____ or twelve cans.

In the unlimited condition shoppers bought 3.3 cans on average, whereas in the scarce condition, when there was a limit, they ____ 5.3 on average.

This ____ scarcity encourages sales.

The findings are particularly strong because the test ____ place in a supermarket with genuine shoppers.

It didn’t rely on claimed data, nor was it held in a laboratory ____ consumers might behave differently.

Although technology has the potential to increase productivity, it can also have a ____ impact on productivity.

For example, in many office environments workers sit at desks with computers and have ____ to the internet.

They are able to check their personal emails and use social media whenever they ____ to.

This can stop them from ____ their work and make them less productive.

Introducing new technology can also have a negative impact on production when it causes a change to the production process or requires ____ to learn a new system.

Learning to use new technology can be time consuming and stressful for workers and this ____ cause a decline in productivity.

Up until about 6,000 ____ ago, most people were farmers.

Many lived in different places throughout the year, hunting for food or ____ their livestock to areas with enough food.

There was no need to tell the ____ because life depended on natural cycles, such as the changing seasons or sunrise and sunset.

Gradually more people started to live in larger settlements, and some ____ to tell the time.

For example, ____ wanted to know when to carry out religious ceremonies.

This was when people first invented clocks ― devices that show, measure, and keep track of ____ time.

Clocks have ____ important ever since.

Today, clocks are ____ for important things such as setting busy airport timetables ― if the time is incorrect, aeroplanes might crash into each other when taking off or landing!

Managers are always looking for ways to increase productivity, ____ is the ratio of costs to output in production.

Adam Smith, writing ____ the manufacturing industry was new, described a way that production could be made more efficient, known as the “division of labor.”

Making most manufactured goods involves several ____ processes using different skills.

Smith’s example was the manufacture of pins: the wire is straightened, sharpened, a head is ____ on, and then it is polished.

One worker could do all these ____, and make 20 pins in a day.

But this work can be divided into its separate ____, with a number of workers each performing one task.

Because each worker specializes in one job, he or she can work much ____ without changing from one task to another.

Now 10 ____ can produce thousands of pins in a day — a huge increase in productivity from the 200 they would have produced before.

Sometimes the ____ of change is far slower.

The face you saw reflected in your mirror this morning probably appeared no different from the ____ you saw the day before ― or a week or a month ago.

Yet we know that the face that stares back at us from the glass is ____ the same, cannot be the same, as it was 10 minutes ago.

The proof is in your ____ album:

____ at a photograph taken of yourself 5 or 10 years ago and you see clear differences between the face in the snapshot and the face in your mirror.

If you lived in a world without mirrors for a ____ and then saw your reflection, you might be surprised by the change.

After an interval of 10 years without ____ yourself, you might not at first recognize the person peering from the mirror.

Even something as basic as our own face ____ from moment to moment.

According to ____ psychologist Susan Engel, curiosity begins to decrease as young as four years old.

By the time we are adults, we have ____ questions and more default settings.

As Henry James put it, “Disinterested curiosity is ____, the mental grooves and channels set.”

The decline in curiosity can be traced in the development of the ____ through childhood.

Though smaller ____ the adult brain, the infant brain contains millions more neural connections.

The wiring, however, is a mess; the ____ of communication between infant neurons are far less efficient than between those in the adult brain.

The baby’s perception of the world is consequently both ____ rich and wildly disordered.

As children absorb more evidence from the world around them, certain possibilities become much ____ likely and more useful and harden into knowledge or beliefs.

The neural pathways that enable those beliefs become faster and ____ automatic, while the ones that the child doesn’t use regularly are pruned away.

Nearly ____ of ten U.S. adults believe there are “good foods” and “bad foods.”

Unless we’re talking about spoiled stew, poison mushrooms, or something similar, however, no foods can be ____ as either good or bad.

There are, however, combinations of foods that add up to a healthful or ____ diet.

Consider the case of an adult who eats only foods thought of as “good” ― for example, raw broccoli, apples, orange juice, boiled ____, and carrots.

Although all these foods are nutrientdense, they do not add up to a healthy diet ____ they don’t supply a wide enough variety of the nutrients we need.

Or take the case of the teenager who occasionally eats ____ chicken, but otherwise stays away from fried foods.

The occasional fried chicken isn’t ____ to knock his or her diet off track.

But the person who eats fried foods every day, with few vegetables or fruits, and ____ up on supersized soft drinks, candy, and chips for snacks has a bad diet.

Unlike the common belief, defining foods as ____ or bad is not appropriate; in fact, a healthy diet is determined largely by what the diet is composed of.