2024년 3월 고1 모의고사 변형문제 (31-42번)

Every species has certain climatic ____ — what degree of heat or cold it can endure, for example.

When the climate changes, the places that satisfy ____ requirements change, too.

____ are forced to follow.

All creatures are capable of ____ degree of movement.

Even creatures that appear immobile, like trees and barnacles, are capable of dispersal at some stage of their life — as a seed, in the ____ of the tree, or as a larva, in the case of the barnacle.

A creature must get from the place it is born — often occupied by its parent — ____ a place where it can survive, grow, and reproduce.

From fossils, scientists know that even creatures like trees moved with surprising speed during past ____ of climate change.

No respectable boss would say, “I make ____ a point to discourage my staff from speaking up, and I maintain a culture that prevents disagreeing viewpoints from ever getting aired.”

If anything, ____ bosses even say that they are pro-dissent.

This idea can be found throughout the series of conversations with corporate, university, and nonprofit leaders, published ____ in the business sections of newspapers.

In the interviews, the featured leaders are asked about their management techniques, and regularly claim ____ continually encourage internal protest from more junior staffers.

As Bot Pittman remarked in one of these conversations: “I want us to listen to these dissenters because they may intend to tell you why we can’t do something, but if you listen hard, what they’re really telling you is what you must do to get something ____

One of the most striking characteristics of a sleeping animal or person is that they ____ not respond normally to environmental stimuli.

____ you open the eyelids of a sleeping mammal the eyes will not see normally—they are functionally blind.

Some visual information apparently gets in, but ____ is not normally processed as it is shortened or weakened; same with the other sensing systems.

Stimuli are registered but not processed ____ and they fail to wake the individual.

Perceptual disengagement probably serves the function of protecting sleep, so some authors do not count ____ as part of the definition of sleep itself.

But as sleep would be impossible without it, it seems essential ____ its definition.

Nevertheless, many animals (including humans) use the intermediate state of drowsiness to ____ some benefits of sleep without total perceptual disengagement.

A number of research studies have shown how experts ____ a field often experience difficulties when introducing newcomers to that field.

For example, in a genuine training situation, Dr Pamela Hinds found that people expert in using mobile phones were remarkably less accurate ____ novice phone users in judging how long it takes people to learn to use the phones.

Experts can become insensitive to how hard a task is for the beginner, an effect referred to as the ____ of knowledge’.

Dr Hinds was able to show that as people acquired the skill, they then began to underestimate the level ____ difficulty of that skill.

Her participants even underestimated how long it had taken themselves to acquire that ____ in an earlier session.

Knowing that experts forget how hard it was for them to learn, we can understand the need to look at the learning process through students’ eyes, rather than making assumptions about how students ‘should ____ learning.

A group of psychologists studied individuals with severe mental illness who experienced weekly group ____ therapy, including singing familiar songs and composing original songs.

The results showed that the group music therapy improved the quality of participants’ life, with those participating in a ____ number of sessions experiencing the greatest benefits.

Focusing on singing, another group of psychologists reviewed articles on the ____ of group singing as a mental health treatment for individuals living with a mental health condition in a community setting.

The findings showed that, when people with mental health conditions participated in a choir, their mental health ____ wellbeing significantly improved.

____ singing provided enjoyment, improved emotional states, developed a sense of belonging and enhanced self-confidence.

In many sports, people realized the difficulties and even impossibilities of young ____ participating fully in many adult sport environments.

They found the road to success for ____ children is unlikely if they play on adult fields, courts or arenas with equipment that is too large, too heavy or too fast for them to handle while trying to compete in adult-style competition.

Common sense has prevailed: different sports have ____ adaptations for children.

As examples, baseball has T ball, football ____ flag football and junior soccer uses a smaller and lighter ball and (sometimes) a smaller field.

____ have junior competitive structures where children play for shorter time periods and often in smaller teams.

In a similar way, ____ has adapted the court areas, balls and rackets to make them more appropriate for children under 10.

The adaptations are progressive and relate to ____ age of the child.

____ no horses available, the Inca empire excelled at delivering messages on foot.

The messengers were stationed on ____ royal roads to deliver the Inca king’s orders and reports coming from his lands.

Called Chasquis, they lived ____ groups of four to six in huts, placed from one to two miles apart along the roads.

They ____ all young men and especially good runners who watched the road in both directions.

If ____ caught sight of another messenger coming, they hurried out to meet them.

The Inca built the huts on high ground, ____ sight of one another.

When a messenger neared the next ____ he began to call out and repeated the message three or four times to the one who was running out to meet him.

The ____ empire could relay messages 1,000 miles (1,610 km) in three or four days under good conditions.

The tongue was mapped into separate areas where certain tastes were registered: sweetness at the tip, sourness on the sides, and bitterness at ____ back of the mouth.

Research in the ____ and 1990s, however, demonstrated that the “tongue map” explanation of how we taste was, in fact, totally wrong.

As it turns out, the map was a misinterpretation ____ mistranslation of research conducted in Germany at the turn of the twentieth century.

Today, leading taste researchers believe that taste buds are not grouped ____ to specialty.

Sweetness, saltiness, bitterness, and sourness can be tasted everywhere in the ____ although they may be perceived at a little different intensities at different sites.

Moreover, the mechanism at ____ is not place, but time.

It’s not that you taste sweetness at the tip of your tongue, but rather that ____ register that perception first.

No two animals are ____

Animals from the ____ litter will display some of the same features, but will not be exactly the same as each other; therefore, they may not respond in entirely the same way during a healing session.

Environmental factors can also determine how the animal will ____ during the treatment.

For instance, a cat in a rescue center will respond very differently than a cat within a domestic ____ environment.

In addition, animals that experience healing for physical illness will react differently than those accepting ____ for emotional confusion.

With this in mind, every healing session needs to be explored differently, and each healing treatment should be adjusted to suit the ____ needs of the animal.

You will learn as you go; healing is a constant ____ process.

The mind has parts that are known as the conscious mind and ____ subconscious mind.

The subconscious ____ is very fast to act and doesn’t deal with emotions.

It deals with memories of your ____ to life, your memories and recognition.

However, the conscious mind ____ the one that you have more control over.

You ____

You ____ choose whether to carry on a thought or to add emotion to it and this is the part of your mind that lets you down frequently because — fueled by emotions — you make the wrong decisions time and time again.

When your judgment is ____ by emotions, this puts in biases and all kinds of other negativities that hold you back.

____ of spiders?

____ of the dark?

There are reasons for all of these fears, but they originate ____ the conscious mind.

They only become real fears when ____ subconscious mind records your reactions

While the controllable conscious mind deals with thoughts and emotions, ____ fast­-acting subconscious mind stores your responses, forming real fears.

Norms are everywhere, defining what is “normal” and ____ our interpretations of social life at every turn.

As a simple example, there is a norm in Anglo society to say Thank you to strangers who have just done something to help, such as open a door for you, point out that you’ve just ____ something, or give you directions.

____ is no law that forces you to say Thank you.

But if people don’t ____ Thank you in these cases it is marked.

People expect that you will say ____ You become responsible.

Failing to say it will be both surprising ____ worthy of criticism.

Not knowing the norms of another community is the central problem of cross-cultural ____

To continue the Thank you example, even though another culture may have an expression that appears translatable (many don’t), there may be different ____ for its usage, for example, such that you should say Thank you only when the cost someone has caused is considerable.

In such a case it would sound ridiculous (i.e., unexpected, surprising, and worthy of criticism) if you were to thank someone for something so ____ as holding a door open for you.