2024년 3월 고1 모의고사 변형문제 (31-42번)

____ species has certain climatic requirements — what degree of heat or cold it can endure, for example.

When the climate changes, the places that ____ those requirements change, too.

Species are ____ to follow.

All creatures are ____ of some degree of movement.

Even creatures that appear immobile, like ____ and barnacles, are capable of dispersal at some stage of their life — as a seed, in the case of the tree, or as a larva, in the case of the barnacle.

A creature must get from the place it is born — often occupied by its parent — to a ____ where it can survive, grow, and reproduce.

From ____, scientists know that even creatures like trees moved with surprising speed during past periods of climate change.

No respectable boss would say, “I make it a point to discourage my staff from speaking up, and I maintain a culture that prevents disagreeing viewpoints from ever ____ aired.”

If anything, ____ bosses even say that they are pro-dissent.

This idea can be found throughout the series of conversations with ____, university, and nonprofit leaders, published weekly in the business sections of newspapers.

In the interviews, the ____ leaders are asked about their management techniques, and regularly claim to continually encourage internal protest from more junior staffers.

As Bot Pittman remarked in one of these conversations: “I want us to listen to these dissenters because they may intend to tell you ____ we can’t do something, but if you listen hard, what they’re really telling you is what you must do to get something done.”

One of the most striking characteristics of a sleeping animal or person is that they do not ____ normally to environmental stimuli.

If you open the eyelids of a sleeping mammal the ____ will not see normally—they are functionally blind.

Some visual information apparently ____ in, but it is not normally processed as it is shortened or weakened; same with the other sensing systems.

Stimuli are registered but not ____ normally and they fail to wake the individual.

Perceptual disengagement probably serves the function of protecting sleep, so some authors do not count it as part of the ____ of sleep itself.

But as sleep would be impossible without it, it ____ essential to its definition.

Nevertheless, many animals (including humans) use the intermediate state of drowsiness to derive ____ benefits of sleep without total perceptual disengagement.

A number of research studies have shown how experts in a field often experience difficulties when introducing newcomers to that ____.

For example, in a genuine training situation, Dr Pamela Hinds found that people expert in ____ mobile phones were remarkably less accurate than novice phone users in judging how long it takes people to learn to use the phones.

Experts can become insensitive to how hard a task is for the beginner, an effect referred to as the ‘____ of knowledge’.

Dr Hinds was able to show that as people acquired the skill, they then began to underestimate the ____ of difficulty of that skill.

Her participants even underestimated how long it had taken themselves to acquire that skill in an ____ session.

Knowing that experts forget how hard it was for them to learn, we can understand the need to look at the learning process through students’ ____, rather than making assumptions about how students ‘should be’ learning.

A group of psychologists studied individuals with severe mental illness who experienced weekly group ____ therapy, including singing familiar songs and composing original songs.

The results showed that the group music therapy improved the quality of participants’ ____, with those participating in a greater number of sessions experiencing the greatest benefits.

Focusing on singing, another group of psychologists reviewed articles on the efficacy of group singing as a mental health ____ for individuals living with a mental health condition in a community setting.

The findings showed that, when people with ____ health conditions participated in a choir, their mental health and wellbeing significantly improved.

Group singing ____ enjoyment, improved emotional states, developed a sense of belonging and enhanced self-confidence.

In many sports, people realized the difficulties and ____ impossibilities of young children participating fully in many adult sport environments.

They found the road to success for young children is unlikely if they play on adult fields, courts or arenas with equipment that is too large, too heavy or too fast for them to handle while trying to compete in ____ competition.

Common sense has prevailed: different sports ____ made adaptations for children.

As examples, baseball has T ball, football has flag football and junior soccer uses a smaller and ____ ball and (sometimes) a smaller field.

All have junior competitive structures where ____ play for shorter time periods and often in smaller teams.

In a similar way, ____ has adapted the court areas, balls and rackets to make them more appropriate for children under 10.

The ____ are progressive and relate to the age of the child.

With no horses available, the Inca empire excelled at delivering ____ on foot.

The messengers were stationed on the royal roads to deliver the Inca king’s orders and reports coming ____ his lands.

Called Chasquis, they lived in groups of four to six in huts, placed ____ one to two miles apart along the roads.

They were all young men and ____ good runners who watched the road in both directions.

If they caught sight of ____ messenger coming, they hurried out to meet them.

The Inca built the ____ on high ground, in sight of one another.

When a messenger neared the next hut, he began to call out and ____ the message three or four times to the one who was running out to meet him.

The Inca empire could relay messages 1,000 ____ (1,610 km) in three or four days under good conditions.

The tongue was mapped into separate ____ where certain tastes were registered: sweetness at the tip, sourness on the sides, and bitterness at the back of the mouth.

Research in the 1980s and 1990s, however, demonstrated that the “tongue map” explanation of how we taste was, in fact, ____ wrong.

As it turns out, the map was a misinterpretation and mistranslation of research conducted in Germany at the turn of the ____ century.

Today, leading taste researchers ____ that taste buds are not grouped according to specialty.

Sweetness, saltiness, ____, and sourness can be tasted everywhere in the mouth, although they may be perceived at a little different intensities at different sites.

Moreover, the mechanism at work is ____ place, but time.

It’s not that you ____ sweetness at the tip of your tongue, but rather that you register that perception first.

No two animals are ____.

Animals from the same litter will display some of the same features, but will not be exactly the same as each other; therefore, they may not respond in entirely the same way ____ a healing session.

____ factors can also determine how the animal will respond during the treatment.

For instance, a cat in a rescue center will respond very differently than a ____ within a domestic home environment.

In addition, animals that experience healing for physical illness will react differently than those ____ healing for emotional confusion.

With this in mind, every healing session ____ to be explored differently, and each healing treatment should be adjusted to suit the specific needs of the animal.

You will learn as you go; ____ is a constant learning process.

The mind has parts that are known as the conscious ____ and the subconscious mind.

The subconscious mind is very ____ to act and doesn’t deal with emotions.

It deals with memories of your responses to ____, your memories and recognition.

However, the conscious mind is the one that you have more control ____.

You ____.

You can ____ whether to carry on a thought or to add emotion to it and this is the part of your mind that lets you down frequently because — fueled by emotions — you make the wrong decisions time and time again.

When your judgment is clouded by emotions, this puts in biases and all kinds of other negativities that hold you ____.

____ of spiders?

____ of the dark?

There are reasons for all of these ____, but they originate in the conscious mind.

They only become ____ fears when the subconscious mind records your reactions

While the controllable conscious mind deals with thoughts and emotions, the fast­-acting subconscious ____ stores your responses, forming real fears.

Norms are everywhere, defining ____ is “normal” and guiding our interpretations of social life at every turn.

As a simple example, there is a norm in Anglo society to say Thank you to strangers who have just done something to ____, such as open a door for you, point out that you’ve just dropped something, or give you directions.

____ is no law that forces you to say Thank you.

But if people don’t say Thank you in these ____ it is marked.

____ expect that you will say it. You become responsible.

Failing to say it will be both surprising and ____ of criticism.

Not knowing the norms of another community is the ____ problem of cross-cultural communication.

To continue the Thank you example, even though another culture may ____ an expression that appears translatable (many don’t), there may be different norms for its usage, for example, such that you should say Thank you only when the cost someone has caused is considerable.

In such a case it would sound ridiculous (i.e., unexpected, surprising, and worthy of criticism) if you were to thank ____ for something so minor as holding a door open for you.