2024년 3월 고1 모의고사 변형문제 (31-42번)

Every species has certain climatic ____ — what degree of heat or cold it can endure, for example.

When the climate changes, the ____ that satisfy those requirements change, too.

____ are forced to follow.

All creatures are ____ of some degree of movement.

Even creatures that appear immobile, like trees and barnacles, are capable of dispersal at some stage of their life — as a ____, in the case of the tree, or as a larva, in the case of the barnacle.

A creature must get from the place it is born — often occupied by its parent — to a place where it ____ survive, grow, and reproduce.

From fossils, scientists know that even creatures like trees moved with surprising speed ____ past periods of climate change.

No respectable boss would say, “I make it a point to discourage my staff from speaking up, and I maintain a culture that prevents disagreeing viewpoints from ever ____ aired.”

If anything, most ____ even say that they are pro-dissent.

This idea can be found ____ the series of conversations with corporate, university, and nonprofit leaders, published weekly in the business sections of newspapers.

In the interviews, the featured leaders are asked about their management techniques, and regularly claim to ____ encourage internal protest from more junior staffers.

As Bot Pittman ____ in one of these conversations: “I want us to listen to these dissenters because they may intend to tell you why we can’t do something, but if you listen hard, what they’re really telling you is what you must do to get something done.”

One of the most striking characteristics of a sleeping animal or person is that they do ____ respond normally to environmental stimuli.

If you open the eyelids of a sleeping mammal the eyes will not see normally—they are functionally ____.

____ visual information apparently gets in, but it is not normally processed as it is shortened or weakened; same with the other sensing systems.

Stimuli are ____ but not processed normally and they fail to wake the individual.

Perceptual disengagement probably serves the function of protecting sleep, so ____ authors do not count it as part of the definition of sleep itself.

But as sleep would be impossible without it, it seems essential to ____ definition.

Nevertheless, many animals (including humans) use the intermediate ____ of drowsiness to derive some benefits of sleep without total perceptual disengagement.

A number of research studies have shown how experts in a field often experience difficulties when ____ newcomers to that field.

For example, in a genuine training situation, Dr Pamela Hinds found that people expert in ____ mobile phones were remarkably less accurate than novice phone users in judging how long it takes people to learn to use the phones.

Experts can become insensitive to how hard a task is for the beginner, an effect referred to as the ‘curse of ____’.

Dr Hinds was able to show that as people acquired the skill, they then began to underestimate the ____ of difficulty of that skill.

Her participants even underestimated how long it had taken themselves to acquire that skill in an ____ session.

Knowing that experts forget how hard it was for ____ to learn, we can understand the need to look at the learning process through students’ eyes, rather than making assumptions about how students ‘should be’ learning.

A group of psychologists studied ____ with severe mental illness who experienced weekly group music therapy, including singing familiar songs and composing original songs.

The results showed that the group music therapy improved the ____ of participants’ life, with those participating in a greater number of sessions experiencing the greatest benefits.

Focusing on singing, another group of ____ reviewed articles on the efficacy of group singing as a mental health treatment for individuals living with a mental health condition in a community setting.

The findings showed that, when ____ with mental health conditions participated in a choir, their mental health and wellbeing significantly improved.

Group ____ provided enjoyment, improved emotional states, developed a sense of belonging and enhanced self-confidence.

In many ____, people realized the difficulties and even impossibilities of young children participating fully in many adult sport environments.

They found the road to success for young children is unlikely if they play on adult fields, courts or arenas with equipment that is too ____, too heavy or too fast for them to handle while trying to compete in adult-style competition.

Common sense has ____: different sports have made adaptations for children.

As examples, ____ has T ball, football has flag football and junior soccer uses a smaller and lighter ball and (sometimes) a smaller field.

All have junior competitive structures ____ children play for shorter time periods and often in smaller teams.

In a similar way, tennis has adapted the court areas, ____ and rackets to make them more appropriate for children under 10.

The adaptations are ____ and relate to the age of the child.

With no horses available, the Inca empire excelled at ____ messages on foot.

The messengers were stationed on the royal roads to deliver the Inca king’s orders and reports coming ____ his lands.

Called Chasquis, they lived in groups of four to six in huts, placed from one to two miles ____ along the roads.

They were ____ young men and especially good runners who watched the road in both directions.

If they caught sight of another ____ coming, they hurried out to meet them.

The Inca ____ the huts on high ground, in sight of one another.

When a messenger neared the next hut, he began to call out and repeated the message three or four times to the one who was running out to ____ him.

The Inca empire could relay ____ 1,000 miles (1,610 km) in three or four days under good conditions.

The tongue was mapped into separate areas where certain tastes were registered: sweetness at the tip, sourness on the ____, and bitterness at the back of the mouth.

Research in the 1980s and 1990s, however, demonstrated that the “tongue map” explanation of ____ we taste was, in fact, totally wrong.

As it ____ out, the map was a misinterpretation and mistranslation of research conducted in Germany at the turn of the twentieth century.

Today, leading taste researchers believe that taste buds are ____ grouped according to specialty.

Sweetness, ____, bitterness, and sourness can be tasted everywhere in the mouth, although they may be perceived at a little different intensities at different sites.

Moreover, the mechanism at work is not ____, but time.

It’s not that you taste sweetness at the tip of your tongue, but rather that you ____ that perception first.

No ____ animals are alike.

____ from the same litter will display some of the same features, but will not be exactly the same as each other; therefore, they may not respond in entirely the same way during a healing session.

____ factors can also determine how the animal will respond during the treatment.

For instance, a ____ in a rescue center will respond very differently than a cat within a domestic home environment.

In addition, animals that experience healing for physical illness will react differently than those accepting healing for emotional ____.

With this in mind, every healing session needs to be explored differently, and each healing treatment should be ____ to suit the specific needs of the animal.

You will learn as ____ go; healing is a constant learning process.

The mind has parts that are known as the ____ mind and the subconscious mind.

The subconscious mind is very fast to act and ____ deal with emotions.

It ____ with memories of your responses to life, your memories and recognition.

However, the conscious mind is the ____ that you have more control over.

____ think.

You can choose whether to carry on a thought or to add emotion to it and this is the part of your mind that lets you down frequently because — fueled by emotions — you make the wrong decisions ____ and time again.

When your judgment is clouded by emotions, this puts in ____ and all kinds of other negativities that hold you back.

____ of spiders?

____ of the dark?

There are ____ for all of these fears, but they originate in the conscious mind.

They ____ become real fears when the subconscious mind records your reactions

While the controllable conscious ____ deals with thoughts and emotions, the fast­-acting subconscious mind stores your responses, forming real fears.

____ are everywhere, defining what is “normal” and guiding our interpretations of social life at every turn.

As a simple example, there is a norm in Anglo society to say Thank you to strangers who have just done something to help, such as open a door for you, point out that you’ve ____ dropped something, or give you directions.

____ is no law that forces you to say Thank you.

But if people don’t ____ Thank you in these cases it is marked.

People expect that you will say it. You ____ responsible.

Failing to say it ____ be both surprising and worthy of criticism.

Not knowing the norms of another community is the ____ problem of cross-cultural communication.

To continue the Thank you example, even though another culture may have an expression that appears translatable (many don’t), there may be different norms for its usage, for example, such that you should say Thank you only ____ the cost someone has caused is considerable.

In such a case it would sound ridiculous (i.e., unexpected, surprising, and worthy of criticism) if you were to thank someone for something so minor as holding a door open for ____.