2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

Free play is nature’s means of teaching children ____ they are not helpless.

In play, away from adults, children really do have control and ____ practice asserting it.

In free play, children learn to make their own decisions, solve their own problems, create and follow rules, and get along with others as equals rather than ____ obedient or rebellious subordinates.

In active outdoor play, children deliberately dose themselves with moderate amounts of fear and they ____ learn how to control not only their bodies, but also their fear.

In social play children learn how to negotiate with others, how to please ____ and how to manage and overcome the anger that can arise from conflicts.

None of these lessons can be taught through verbal means; they can be ____ only through experience, which free play provides.

Many early dot‑com investors focused almost ____ on revenue growth instead of net income.

Many early dot‑com companies earned most of their revenue from selling ____ space on their Web sites.

To boost reported revenue, some ____ began exchanging ad space.

Company A would put an ad for its Web site on company B’s Web site, and company ____ would put an ad for its Web site on company A’s Web site.

No money ever changed hands, but ____ company recorded revenue (for the value of the space that it gave up on its site) and expense (for the value of its ad that it placed on the other company’s site).

This practice did ____ to boost net income and resulted in no additional cash inflow, ─ but it did boost reported revenue.

This practice was quickly put to an end because accountants felt ____ it did not meet the criteria of the revenue recognition principle.

Scholars of myth have long ____ that myth gives structure and meaning to human life;, that meaning is amplified when a myth evolves into a world.

A virtual world’s ability to fulfill ____ grows when lots and lots of people believe in the world.

Conversely, a virtual ____ cannot be long sustained by a mere handful of adherents.

Consider the difference between a ____ sport and a game I invent with my nine friends and play regularly.

My game might be ____ great game, one that is completely immersive, one that consumes all of my group’s time and attention.

If its reach is limited to the ten of us, though, then it’s ultimately just a weird hobby, and ____ has limited social function.

For a virtual world to provide lasting, wide‑ranging value, its participants must be a large enough group to be ____ a society.

____ that threshold is reached, psychological value can turn into wide‑ranging social value.

It seems natural to describe certain ____ conditions as ‘extreme’, ‘harsh’, ‘benign’ or ‘stressful’.

It may seem obvious when conditions are ‘extreme’:, the midday heat of a desert, the cold of an Antarctic winter, the salinity ____ the Great Salt Lake.

But this only means that these conditions are extreme for us, given our ____ physiological characteristics and tolerances.

To a cactus there is nothing extreme about the desert conditions in which cacti have evolved;, nor are the icy lands of Antarctica an extreme ____ for penguins.

It is lazy and dangerous for the ecologist to assume that all other organisms sense the environment in the way ____ do.

Rather, the ecologist should try to gain a worm’s‑eye or ____ view of the environment: to see the world as others see it.

____ words like harsh and benign, even relativities such as hot and cold, should be used by ecologists only with care.

Human processes differ from rational processes in ____ outcome.

A process is rational if it always does the right thing based on the current ____ given an ideal performance measure.

____ short, rational processes go by the book and assume that the book is actually correct.

Human processes involve instinct, intuition, and other variables that don’t necessarily ____ the book and may not even consider the existing data.

As an example, the ____ way to drive a car is to always follow the laws.

However, traffic isn’t rational;, if you follow ____ laws precisely, you end up stuck somewhere because other drivers aren’t following the laws precisely.

____ be successful, a self‑driving car must therefore act humanly, rather than rationally.

Like positive habits, bad habits exist on a continuum of easy‑to‑change ____ hard‑to‑change.

When you get toward the “hard” end ____ the spectrum, note the language you hear, —breaking bad habits and battling addiction.

It’s as if ____ unwanted behavior is a nefarious villain to be aggressively defeated.

____ this kind of language, (and the approaches it spawns), frames these challenges in a way that isn’t helpful or effective.

I ____ hope we will stop using this phrase: “break a habit.”

This ____ misguides people.

The ____ “break” sets the wrong expectation for how you get rid of a bad habit.

This word implies that if you input a lot of ____ in one moment, the habit will be gone.

However, that rarely works, because you usually cannot get rid of an ____ habit by applying force one time.

____ common but incorrect assumption is that we are creatures of reason when, in fact, we are creatures of both reason and emotion.

We cannot get by on reason alone ____ any reason always eventually leads to a feeling.

Should I get a wholegrain cereal ____ a chocolate cereal?

I can ____ all the reasons I want, but the reasons have to be based on something.

For example, if my goal is to eat healthy, I can choose the wholegrain ____ but what is my reason for wanting to be healthy?

I can list more and more reasons ____ as wanting to live longer, spending more quality time with loved ones, etc., but what are the reasons for those reasons?

You should be able to see by now that reasons ____ ultimately based on non‑reason such as values, feelings, or emotions.

These deep‑seated ____ feelings, and emotions we have are rarely a result of reasoning, but can certainly be influenced by reasoning.

We have values, feelings, and emotions before we begin to reason and long before we begin ____ reason effectively.

Electric communication is mainly ____ in fish.

The electric signals are produced ____ special electric organs.

When the signal ____ discharged the electric organ will be negatively loaded compared to the head and an electric field is created around the fish.

A weak electric current is created also in ordinary muscle cells when ____ contract.

In the ____ organ the muscle cells are connected in larger chunks, which makes the total current intensity larger than in ordinary muscles.

The fish varies the signals by changing the form of the electric ____ or the frequency of discharging.

The system is only working over ____ distances, about one to two meters.

This ____ an advantage since the species using the signal system often live in large groups with several other species.

If many fish send out signals at the same time, the short range decreases ____ risk of interference.

Creativity can have an effect ____ productivity.

____ leads some individuals to recognize problems that others do not see, but which may be very difficult.

Charles Darwin’s approach to the speciation problem is a good example of this;, he chose a very difficult and tangled problem, speciation, which led him into a long period of data ____ and deliberation.

This choice of problem did not allow ____ a quick attack or a simple experiment.

In such cases creativity may actually decrease productivity (as measured by publication counts) because effort is focused on difficult ____

For others, whose creativity is more focused on methods and technique, creativity may lead to solutions that drastically ____ the work necessary to solve a problem.

We can see ____ example in the development of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which enables us to amplify small pieces of DNA in a short time.

This type of creativity might reduce the number of steps or substitute ____ that are less likely to fail, thus increasing productivity.

A young child may be puzzled when asked to distinguish between the directions of right ____ left.

But that same child may have no difficulty in determining ____ directions of up and down or back and front.

Scientists propose that this occurs because, although we experience three dimensions, only two had a strong influence on our evolution: the vertical dimension as defined ____ gravity and, in mobile species, the front/back dimension as defined by the positioning of sensory and feeding mechanisms.

These influence our perception of vertical versus horizontal, far versus close, and the search for dangers from above (such as an eagle) or below (such as a ____

____ the left‑right axis is not as relevant in nature.

A bear is ____ dangerous from its left or the right side, but not if it is upside down.

In fact, when observing a scene containing plants, animals, and man‑made objects such as cars ____ street signs, we can only tell when left and right have been inverted if we observe those artificial items.

Having affected the evolution of our spatial ____ vertical and front/back dimensions are easily perceived, but the left‑right axis, which is not significant in nature, doesn’t come instantly to us.

Creative people aren’t all cut ____ the same cloth.

They have varying levels ____ maturity and sensitivity.

They have different approaches ____ work.

And they’re each ____ by different things.

Managing people is about ____ aware of their unique personalities.

____ also about empathy and adaptability, and knowing how the things you do and say will be interpreted and adapting accordingly.

Who you are and what ____ say may not be the same from one person to the next.

For instance, if you’re asking someone to work a second weekend in a row, or telling them they aren’t ____ that deserved promotion just yet, you need to bear in mind the individual.

Vincent will have a very different reaction ____ the news than Emily, and they will each be more receptive to the news if it’s bundled with different things.

Perhaps that promotion news will land easier if Vincent is given a few extra vacation days for the holidays, while you can ____ Emily a bigger promotion a year from now.

Consider each person’s complex positive and negative personality traits, their life ____ and their mindset in the moment when deciding what to say and how to say it.

Personal connection, compassion, and an individualized management style are key to drawing consistent, rock star‑level work ____ of everyone.