2023년 6월 고2 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

In the course of ____ research on business strategy and the environment, Michael Porter noticed a peculiar pattern: Businesses seemed to be profiting from regulation.

He also discovered that ____ stricter regulations were prompting more innovation than the weaker ones.

The Dutch flower industry provides an ____

For many years, ____ companies producing Holland’s worldrenowned tulips and other cut flowers were also contaminating the country’s water and soil with fertilizers and pesticides.

In 1991, the Dutch ____ adopted a policy designed to cut pesticide use in half by 2000 ― a goal they ultimately achieved.

Facing ____ strict regulation, greenhouse growers realized they had to develop new methods if they were going to maintain product quality with fewer pesticides.

In response, ____ shifted to a cultivation method that circulates water in closedloop systems and grows flowers in a rock wool substrate.

The new system not only reduced the pollution released into the ____ it also increased profits by giving companies greater control over growing conditions.

It’s hard ____ pay more for the speedy but highly skilled person, simply because there’s less effort being observed.

Two researchers once did ____ study in which they asked people how much they would pay for data recovery.

They found that people would pay a little more ____ a greater quantity of rescued data, but what they were most sensitive to was the number of hours the technician worked.

When the data recovery took only a few minutes, willingness to pay was low, but when it took more than ____ week to recover the same amount of data, people were willing to pay much more.

Think ____ it: They were willing to pay more for the slower service with the same outcome.

Fundamentally, ____ we value effort over outcome, we’re paying for incompetence.

____ it is actually irrational, we feel more rational, and more comfortable, paying for incompetence.

In adolescence many of us had the experience of falling under the sway of ____ great book or writer.

We became entranced by the novel ideas in the ____ and because we were so open to influence, these early encounters with exciting ideas sank deeply into our minds and became part of our own thought processes, affecting us decades after we absorbed them.

Such influences enriched our ____ landscape, and in fact our intelligence depends on the ability to absorb the lessons and ideas of those who are older and wiser.

Just as the body tightens with ____ however, so does the mind.

And just as our sense of weakness and vulnerability motivated the desire to learn, so does our ____ sense of superiority slowly close us off to new ideas and influences.

Some may advocate that we all become more skeptical in the modern world, but in fact a far greater danger comes from the increasing closing of the mind that burdens us as individuals as we get older, and seems to be burdening our culture ____ general.

Many ____ look for safety and security in popular thinking.

____ figure that if a lot of people are doing something, then it must be right. It must be a good idea.

If most people accept it, then it ____ represents fairness, equality, compassion, and sensitivity, right? Not necessarily.

Popular thinking said the earth was the center of the ____ yet Copernicus studied the stars and planets and proved mathematically that the earth and the other planets in our solar system revolved around the sun.

Popular thinking said surgery didn’t require ____ instruments, yet Joseph Lister studied the high death rates in hospitals and introduced antiseptic practices that immediately saved lives.

Popular thinking said that women shouldn’t have the right to ____ yet people like Emmeline Pankhurst and Susan B Anthony fought for and won that right.

We must always remember there is a huge ____ between acceptance and intelligence.

People may say that there’s safety in numbers, but that’s ____ always true.

____ getting licensed to drive a cab in London, a person has to pass an incredibly difficult test with an intimidating name — “The Knowledge.”

The test involves memorizing the layout of more than 20,000 streets in the Greater London area — a feat that involves an incredible ____ of memory resources.

In fact, fewer than 50 percent of the people who sign up for taxi driver training pass the test, even after spending two or three years studying for ____

And as it turns out, the brains of London cabbies are different from noncabdrivinghumans ____ ways that reflect their herculean memory efforts.

In fact, the part of the brain that has been most frequently associated with spatial memory, the tail of the ____ horseshaped brain region called the hippocampus, is bigger than average in these taxi drivers.

When evaluating a policy, people tend to concentrate on how the policy will fix some ____ problem while ignoring or downplaying other effects it may have.

Economists often refer to this situation as ____ Law of Unintended Consequences.

For instance, suppose that you impose a ____ on imported steel in order to protect the jobs of domestic steelworkers.

If ____ impose a high enough tariff, their jobs will indeed be protected from competition by foreign steel companies.

But an unintended consequence is ____ the jobs of some autoworkers will be lost to foreign competition. Why?

The tariff that protects ____ raises the price of the steel that domestic automobile makers need to build their cars.

____ a result, domestic automobile manufacturers have to raise the prices of their cars, making them relatively less attractive than foreign cars.

Raising prices tends to ____ domestic car sales, so some domestic autoworkers lose their jobs.

Species that ____ found in only one area are called endemic species and are especially vulnerable to extinction.

They exist on islands and in other unique ____ areas, especially in tropical rain forests where most species are highly specialized.

One example is the brilliantly colored golden toad once found only ____ a small area of lush rain forests in Costa Rica’s mountainous region.

Despite living in the country’s wellprotected Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, by 1989, the golden toad had apparently ____ extinct.

Much of the moisture ____ supported its rain forest habitat came in the form of moistureladen clouds blowing in from the Caribbean Sea.

But warmer air from global climate change caused these clouds to rise, depriving the forests of moisture, and the habitat for the golden ____ and many other species dried up.

The ____ toad appears to be one of the first victims of climate change caused largely by global warming.

The fundamental nature of the experimental method is ____ and control.

____ manipulate a variable of interest, and see if there’s a difference.

At the same time, they attempt to control for the potential ____ of all other variables.

The importance of controlled ____ in identifying the underlying causes of events cannot be overstated.

In the ____ variables are often correlated.

For example, people who take vitamin supplements may have different eating and exercise habits ____ people who don’t take vitamins.

As a result, if we want to study the health effects of vitamins, we can’t merely observe the real world, since any of these ____ (the vitamins, diet, or exercise) may affect health.

____ we have to create a situation that doesn’t actually occur in the real world.

That’s just what scientific experiments ____

They try to separate the naturally occurring relationship in the world by manipulating one specific variable at a time, while holding ____ else constant.

Why do people in the Mediterranean live longer and have a ____ incidence of disease?

Some people say it’s ____ of what they eat.

____ diet is full of fresh fruits, fish, vegetables, whole grains, and nuts.

Individuals in these cultures ____ red wine and use great amounts of olive oil.

Why is that food pattern healthy? One reason ____ that they are eating a palette of colors.

More and more research is surfacing that shows us the benefits of the thousands of colorful ____ (phyto=plant) that exist in foods.

These healthful, non‑nutritive compounds in plants provide color and function to the plant and add to the health ____ the human body.

Each color connects to a particular compound that serves a ____ function in the body.

For example, if you don’t eat purple foods, you are probably missing out on ____ important brain protection compounds.

Similarly, if you avoid green‑colored foods, you ____ be lacking chlorophyll, a plant antioxidant that guards your cells from damage.

People behave ____ highly predictable ways when they experience certain thoughts.

When they agree, they nod their ____

So far, no surprise, but ____ to an area of research known as “proprioceptive psychology,” the process also works in reverse.

Get people to ____ in a certain way and you cause them to have certain thoughts.

The idea was ____ controversial, but fortunately it was supported by a compelling experiment.

Participants in a ____ were asked to fixate on various products moving across a large computer screen and then indicate whether the items appealed to them.

Some of the items moved vertically (causing the participants ____ nod their heads while watching), and others moved horizontally (resulting in a sidetoside head movement).

Participants preferred ____ moving products without being aware that their “yes” and “no” head movements had played a key role in their decisions.

In one study, participants responded favorably to products on a computer screen when they moved their heads up and down, which showed that ____ decisions were unconsciously influenced by their behavior.