2023년 6월 고2 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

In the ____ of his research on business strategy and the environment, Michael Porter noticed a peculiar pattern: Businesses seemed to be profiting from regulation.

He also ____ that the stricter regulations were prompting more innovation than the weaker ones.

The Dutch flower ____ provides an illustration.

For many years, the companies producing Holland’s worldrenowned tulips and other cut flowers were also contaminating the country’s water and soil with ____ and pesticides.

In 1991, the Dutch government adopted a ____ designed to cut pesticide use in half by 2000 ― a goal they ultimately achieved.

Facing increasingly strict regulation, greenhouse growers realized they had to develop new methods ____ they were going to maintain product quality with fewer pesticides.

In response, they shifted ____ a cultivation method that circulates water in closedloop systems and grows flowers in a rock wool substrate.

The new system not only ____ the pollution released into the environment; it also increased profits by giving companies greater control over growing conditions.

____ hard to pay more for the speedy but highly skilled person, simply because there’s less effort being observed.

Two ____ once did a study in which they asked people how much they would pay for data recovery.

They found that people would pay a little more for a greater quantity of rescued data, but what they were most ____ to was the number of hours the technician worked.

When the data recovery took only a few minutes, ____ to pay was low, but when it took more than a week to recover the same amount of data, people were willing to pay much more.

Think about it: They were willing to pay ____ for the slower service with the same outcome.

____ when we value effort over outcome, we’re paying for incompetence.

Although it is actually irrational, we feel more rational, ____ more comfortable, paying for incompetence.

In adolescence many of us had the ____ of falling under the sway of a great book or writer.

We became entranced by the novel ideas in the book, and ____ we were so open to influence, these early encounters with exciting ideas sank deeply into our minds and became part of our own thought processes, affecting us decades after we absorbed them.

Such influences enriched our mental landscape, and in fact our intelligence depends on the ____ to absorb the lessons and ideas of those who are older and wiser.

Just as the body tightens with age, however, so ____ the mind.

And just as our sense of weakness and vulnerability ____ the desire to learn, so does our creeping sense of superiority slowly close us off to new ideas and influences.

Some may advocate that we all become more ____ in the modern world, but in fact a far greater danger comes from the increasing closing of the mind that burdens us as individuals as we get older, and seems to be burdening our culture in general.

Many people look ____ safety and security in popular thinking.

They figure that if a lot of people are doing ____ then it must be right. It must be a good idea.

If most people accept it, then it probably represents fairness, equality, compassion, and ____ right? Not necessarily.

Popular thinking said ____ earth was the center of the universe, yet Copernicus studied the stars and planets and proved mathematically that the earth and the other planets in our solar system revolved around the sun.

Popular thinking said surgery didn’t require clean instruments, yet Joseph Lister studied ____ high death rates in hospitals and introduced antiseptic practices that immediately saved lives.

Popular thinking said that women shouldn’t have the right to vote, yet people like Emmeline Pankhurst and Susan B Anthony fought for and won that ____

We must always remember there is a huge difference ____ acceptance and intelligence.

People may say that there’s safety in numbers, but that’s ____ always true.

____ getting licensed to drive a cab in London, a person has to pass an incredibly difficult test with an intimidating name — “The Knowledge.”

The ____ involves memorizing the layout of more than 20,000 streets in the Greater London area — a feat that involves an incredible amount of memory resources.

In fact, fewer than 50 percent of the people who sign up for taxi driver training ____ the test, even after spending two or three years studying for it!

And as it turns out, the brains of London cabbies are different from noncabdrivinghumans in ways that reflect their ____ memory efforts.

In fact, the part of the brain that has been most frequently associated with spatial memory, the tail of the sea horseshaped brain region called the hippocampus, is bigger ____ average in these taxi drivers.

When evaluating a policy, people tend to concentrate on how the policy will fix some particular problem while ignoring or downplaying other ____ it may have.

Economists often refer to this situation ____ The Law of Unintended Consequences.

For instance, suppose that you impose a tariff ____ imported steel in order to protect the jobs of domestic steelworkers.

If you impose a high enough tariff, their jobs ____ indeed be protected from competition by foreign steel companies.

But an unintended consequence is that the jobs of ____ autoworkers will be lost to foreign competition. Why?

____ tariff that protects steelworkers raises the price of the steel that domestic automobile makers need to build their cars.

As a result, domestic automobile manufacturers ____ to raise the prices of their cars, making them relatively less attractive than foreign cars.

Raising prices tends to reduce domestic ____ sales, so some domestic autoworkers lose their jobs.

Species that are found in only one area are called endemic species and ____ especially vulnerable to extinction.

They exist on islands and in other unique small ____ especially in tropical rain forests where most species are highly specialized.

One example is the brilliantly colored ____ toad once found only in a small area of lush rain forests in Costa Rica’s mountainous region.

Despite ____ in the country’s wellprotected Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, by 1989, the golden toad had apparently become extinct.

Much of ____ moisture that supported its rain forest habitat came in the form of moistureladen clouds blowing in from the Caribbean Sea.

But warmer air from global climate change caused these clouds to rise, depriving the forests of moisture, and the habitat for the golden ____ and many other species dried up.

The golden toad appears to be one of the first victims of ____ change caused largely by global warming.

The fundamental ____ of the experimental method is manipulation and control.

Scientists ____ a variable of interest, and see if there’s a difference.

At the ____ time, they attempt to control for the potential effects of all other variables.

The importance of controlled experiments in identifying ____ underlying causes of events cannot be overstated.

In the realuncontrolledworld, variables ____ often correlated.

For example, people who take vitamin supplements may have different eating and exercise habits than ____ who don’t take vitamins.

As a result, if we want to study the health effects of vitamins, we can’t merely observe the real world, since any of these factors (the vitamins, ____ or exercise) may affect health.

Rather, we have to create a situation that ____ actually occur in the real world.

That’s just what ____ experiments do.

They try to separate the naturally occurring relationship in the world by manipulating ____ specific variable at a time, while holding everything else constant.

Why do people in the ____ live longer and have a lower incidence of disease?

Some ____ say it’s because of what they eat.

Their diet is full of fresh fruits, fish, vegetables, ____ grains, and nuts.

Individuals in these cultures drink ____ wine and use great amounts of olive oil.

Why is that food pattern healthy? One reason ____ that they are eating a palette of colors.

More and more research is surfacing that shows us the benefits of the thousands of colorful “phytochemicals” (phyto=plant) that ____ in foods.

These healthful, non‑nutritive compounds in plants provide ____ and function to the plant and add to the health of the human body.

Each color connects to a particular ____ that serves a specific function in the body.

For example, if ____ don’t eat purple foods, you are probably missing out on anthocyanins, important brain protection compounds.

Similarly, if you avoid ____ foods, you may be lacking chlorophyll, a plant antioxidant that guards your cells from damage.

People behave in highly predictable ways when they ____ certain thoughts.

When ____ agree, they nod their heads.

So far, no surprise, but according to an area of research known as “proprioceptive psychology,” the process also works ____ reverse.

Get people to behave in ____ certain way and you cause them to have certain thoughts.

The idea was initially controversial, but fortunately it was supported by ____ compelling experiment.

Participants in a study ____ asked to fixate on various products moving across a large computer screen and then indicate whether the items appealed to them.

Some of the items moved vertically (causing the participants to nod their heads while watching), and others moved ____ (resulting in a sidetoside head movement).

____ preferred vertically moving products without being aware that their “yes” and “no” head movements had played a key role in their decisions.

____ one study, participants responded favorably to products on a computer screen when they moved their heads up and down, which showed that their decisions were unconsciously influenced by their behavior.