2023년 9월 고2 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

Rebels may think they’re rebels, but clever marketers influence ____ just like the rest of us.

Saying, “Everyone is ____ it” may turn some people off from an idea.

These people will look for alternatives, ____ (if cleverly planned) can be exactly what a marketer or persuader wants you to believe.

If I want you to ____ an idea, and know you strongly reject popular opinion in favor of maintaining your independence and uniqueness,

I ____ present the majority option first, which you would reject in favor of my actual preference.

We are ____ tricked when we try to maintain a position of defiance.

____ use this reversal to make usindependently” choose an option which suits their purposes.

Some brands have taken full effect of our defiance towards the mainstream and positioned themselves as rebels; which ____ created even stronger brand loyalty.

A typical soap opera ____ an abstract world, in which a highly complex web of relationships connects fictional characters that exist first only in the minds of the program’s creators and are then recreated in the minds of the viewer.

If you were to think about how much human psychology, ____, and even everyday physics the viewer must know in order to follow and speculate about the plot, you would discover it is considerable — at least as much as the knowledge required to follow and speculate about a piece of modern mathematics, and in most cases, much more.

Yet viewers follow soap operas with ____.

How are they ____ to cope with such abstraction?

Because, of ____, the abstraction is built on an extremely familiar framework.

The characters in a soap opera and the relationships between them are very much like the real people and relationships we experience every ____.

The ____ of a soap opera is only a step removed from the real world.

The mental “training” required to follow a soap opera is provided by our everyday ____.

As always happens with ____ selection, bats and their prey have been engaged in a lifeordeath sensory arms race for millions of years.

It’s believed that hearing in moths arose specifically in response to the threat of being eaten by bats. (Not ____ insects can hear.)

Over millions of years, moths have evolved the ability to detect sounds at ever higher ____, and, as they have, the frequencies of bats’ vocalizations have risen, too.

Some moth ____ have also evolved scales on their wings and a furlike coat on their bodies; both act as “acoustic camouflage,” by absorbing sound waves in the frequencies emitted by bats, thereby preventing those sound waves from bouncing back.

The B2 bomber and other “stealth” aircraft have fuselages ____ of materials that do something similar with radar beams.

Much of human thought is designed to ____ out information and to sort the rest into a manageable condition.

The inflow of data from our ____ could create an overwhelming chaos, especially given the enormous amount of information available in culture and society.

Out of all the sensory impressions and possible information, it is vital to find a small amount that is most relevant to our individual needs and to ____ that into a usable stock of knowledge.

Expectancies accomplish some of this work, helping to screen out information that is irrelevant to what is ____, and focusing our attention on clear contradictions.

The processes of learning and ____ are marked by a steady elimination of information.

People notice only a part of the ____ around them.

____, only a fraction of what they notice gets processed and stored into memory.

And only part of what gets committed to memory ____ be retrieved.

The irony of ____ democracy in Europe is that it thrived and prospered precisely because European rulers for a very long time were remarkably weak.

For more than a millennium after the fall of Rome, European rulers lacked the ability to assess what their people were ____ and to levy substantial taxes based on this.

The ____ striking way to illustrate European weakness is to show how little revenue they collected.

Europeans would eventually develop strong systems of revenue collection, but it took them an awfully long ____ to do so.

In medieval times, and for part of the ____ modern era,

Chinese emperors and Muslim caliphs were able to extract much more of economic ____ than any European ruler with the exception of small citystates.

If you drive down a busy street, you will find many competing businesses, often right ____ to one another.

For example, in most places a consumer in search of a quick meal has many choices, and more fastfood restaurants ____ all the time.

These competing firms ____ heavily.

The temptation is to see advertising as driving up the price of a ____ without any benefit to the consumer.

However, this misconception ____ account for why firms advertise.

In markets where competitors sell slightly differentiated ____, advertising enables firms to inform their customers about new products and services.

Yes, costs rise, but consumers also gain information to help make ____ decisions.

Consumers also benefit ____ added variety, and we all get a product that’s pretty close to our vision of a perfect good — and no other market structure delivers that outcome.

Architects might say a machine can never design an innovative or impressive building because a computer ____ be “creative.”

Yet consider the Elbphilharmonie, a new concert hall in Hamburg, which contains a remarkably beautiful auditorium ____ of ten thousand interlocking acoustic panels.

It is the sort of space that makes one instinctively think that only a human being — and a human with a remarkably refined creative sensibility, at that — could design something so ____ impressive.

Yet the auditorium was, in ____, designed algorithmically, using a technique known as “parametric design.”

The architects gave the system a set of ____, and it generated a set of possible designs for the architects to choose from.

Similar software has been used to design lightweight bicycle frames and sturdier ____, among much else.

Are ____ systems behaving “creatively”?

No, they are using lots of processing power to blindly generate varied possible designs, working in a very different way from a human ____.

The ____ is a highenergy consumer of glucose, which is its fuel.

Although the brain accounts for merely 3 percent of a person’s body weight, it consumes 20 percent of the available ____.

Your brain can’t ____ fuel, however, so it has to “pay as it goes.”

Since your brain is incredibly ____, it economizes its fuel resources.

Thus, during a ____ of high stress, it shifts away from the analysis of the nuances of a situation to a singular and fixed focus on the stressful situation at hand.

You don’t sit back and speculate about the ____ of life when you are stressed.

Instead, you devote all your energy to trying to ____ out what action to take.

____, however, this shift from the higherthinking parts of the brain to the automatic and reflexive parts of the brain can lead you to do something too quickly, without thinking.

Much research has been carried out on the causes of engagement, an issue that is important from both a theoretical and practical standpoint: identifying the drivers of ____ engagement may enable us to manipulate or influence it.

The ____ of engagement fall into two major camps: situational and personal.

The most influential situational causes are job resources, ____ and leadership, the latter, of course, being responsible for job resources and feedback.

Indeed, leaders influence engagement by giving their employees honest and constructive feedback on their performance, and by providing ____ with the necessary resources that enable them to perform their job well.

It is, ____, noteworthy that although engagement drives job performance, job performance also drives engagement.

In other words, when employees are able to do their jobs well — to the ____ that they match or exceed their own expectations and ambitions — they will engage more, be proud of their achievements, and find work more meaningful.

This is especially evident when ____ are employed in jobs that align with their values.

In 2006, researchers conducted a study on the motivations for helping after the September ____ terrorist attacks against the United States.

In the study, they found that individuals who gave money, blood, goods, or other forms of assistance because of otherfocused motives (giving to reduce another’s discomfort) were almost four times more likely to still be giving support one year later than those whose original motivation was to reduce personal ____.

This effect likely stems from differences in ____ arousal.

The events of September 11th emotionally ____ people throughout the United States.

Those who gave to reduce their own distress reduced their emotional arousal with their initial gift, discharging that emotional ____.

However, those who gave to ____ others’ distress did not stop empathizing with victims who continued to struggle long after the attacks.

A study found that the act of giving was less likely to be sustained when driven by selfcentered motives rather than by otherfocused motives, possibly because of the ____ in emotional arousal.

In England in the 1680s, it was unusual to live to the ____ of fifty.

This was a period when knowledge was not spread widely, ____ were few books and most people could not read.

As a consequence, knowledge passed down through the oral ____ of stories and shared experiences.

And since older people had ____ more knowledge, the social norm was that to be over fifty was to be wise.

This social perception of age began to ____ with the advent of new technologies such as the printing press.

Over time, as more books were printed, literacy increased, and the ____ traditions of knowledge transfer began to fade.

With the fading of oral traditions, the wisdom of the old became less important and as a consequence being over ____ was no longer seen as signifying wisdom.

We are living in a period when the ____ between chronological and biological age is changing fast and where social norms are struggling to adapt.

In a ____ produced by the AARP (formerly the American Association of Retired Persons), young people were asked to do various activities ‘just like an old person’.

When older people joined them in the ____, the gap between the stereotype and the older people’s actual behaviour was striking.

It is ____ that in today’s world our social norms need to be updated quickly.