2025 수능 영어 변형 (31-42번)

Literature can ____ helpful in the language learning process because of the personal involvement it fosters in readers.

Core language teaching materials ____ concentrate on how a language operates both as a rule-based system and as a sociosemantic system.

Very often, the process ____ learning is essentially analytic, piecemeal, and, at the level of the personality, fairly superficial.

Engaging imaginatively with literature enables learners to shift the focus of their attention beyond the more mechanical aspects of the foreign language ____

When a novel, play or short story is explored over a period of time, the result is that the reader begins to ____ the text.

He or she ____ drawn into the book.

Pinpointing what individual ____ or phrases may mean becomes less important than pursuing the development of the story.

The reader is eager to find out what happens as events unfold; he or she feels close to certain characters and ____ their emotional responses.

The language becomes ‘transparent’ ― ____ fiction draws the whole person into its own world.

Education, at its ____ teaches more than just knowledge.

It teaches critical thinking: the ability to stop and think before acting, to avoid succumbing to ____ pressures.

This is not thought control. It is the ____ reverse: mental liberation.

Even the most ____ intellectual will be imperfect at this skill.

But even imperfect possession of it frees a person from the burden of being ‘stimulus-driven’, constantly reacting to the ____ environment, the brightest colours or loudest sounds.

Being driven by heuristic responses, living by instinct and emotion all the time, is a very easy way to ____ in many ways: thought is effortful, especially for the inexperienced.

But emotions are also exhausting, and short-term reactions may not, in the long term, be the most beneficial for health ____ survival.

Just as we reach for burgers for the sake of convenience, storing up the arterial fat which may one day kill us, so our ____ on feelings can do us great harm.

We are famously living in the era of the attention economy, where the largest and ____ profitable businesses in the world are those that consume my attention.

The advertising industry is ____ dedicated to capturing the conscious hours of my life and selling them to someone else.

It might seem magical that so many exciting and useful software systems are available to use for free, ____ it is now conventional wisdom that if you can’t see who is paying for something that appears to be free, then the real product being sold is you.

Our creative engagement with other people is mediated by AI-based recommendation systems that are designed to trap our attention through the process that Nick Seaver calls captology, keeping us attending to work sold by one company rather than another, replacing ____ freedom of personal exploration with algorithm-generated playlists or even algorithm-generated art.

Centralized, formal rules can ____ productive activity by establishing roles and practices.

The rules of baseball don’t just regulate the behavior of the ____ they determine the behavior that constitutes playing the game.

Rules do not prevent people ____ playing baseball; they create the very practice that allows people to play baseball.

A score of ____ imposes rules, but it also creates a pattern of conduct that enables people to produce music.

Legal rules that enable ____ formation of corporations, that enable the use of wills and trusts, that create negotiable instruments, and that establish the practice of contracting all make practices that create new opportunities for individuals.

And we have legal rules that establish roles individuals play within the legal system, such as ____ trustees, partners, and guardians.

True, the legal rules that establish these roles constrain the behavior of individuals who occupy ____ but rules also create the roles themselves.

Without them an individual would not have the opportunity to occupy the ____

The expansion of sports tourism in the twentieth century has been influenced by ____ developments in transportation.

Just as the railways revolutionized travel ____ the nineteenth century, so the automobile produced even more dramatic changes in the twentieth.

The significance of the car in the development of ____ and tourism generally has attracted considerable coverage and it has had no less an impact on sports tourism specifically.

Although originally invented towards the end of the ____ century, it started to become a mass form of transport in the 1920s in the USA and rather later in Britain.

Apart from its convenience and flexibility, the car has the additional advantages of affording access to many areas not served by public transport, as well as allowing ____ easy transport of luggage and equipment.

As a result, it was invaluable for the development ____ many forms of sports tourism but especially those which require the transportation of people and equipment to relatively remote locations.

The potential for market enforcement is greater ____ contracting parties have developed reputational capital that can be devalued when contracts are violated.

Farmers and landowners develop reputations for honesty, fairness, producing high yields, and consistently demonstrating that they are good at what ____ do.

In ____ close-knit farming communities, reputations are well known.

Over time landowners indirectly monitor farmers by observing ____ reported output, the general quality of the soil, and any unusual or extreme behavior.

____ and landowner reputations act as a bond.

In any ____ season a farmer can reduce effort, overuse soil, or underreport the crop.

Similarly, a landowner can undermaintain fences, ditches, ____ irrigation systems.

Accurate assessments of farmer and landowner behavior will be made over time, and those farmers and landowners who attempt to gain at each other’s expense will find that others ____ refuse to deal with them in the future.

Watch the birds ____ your backyard.

If one bird startles and ____ off, others will follow, not waiting around to assess whether the threat is real.

____ have been infected by emotional contagion.

In a long-term research project that Marc did with some of his students on patterns of antipredatory scanning by western evening grosbeaks, they found that birds in a circle showed more coordination in scanning than did ____ who were feeding in a line.

The ____ in a line, who could only see their nearest neighbor, not only were less coordinated when scanning, but also were more nervous, changing their body and head positions significantly more than grosbeaks in a circle, where it was possible for each grosbeak to see every other grosbeak.

Marc wondered whether the birds in ____ were more fearful because they didn’t know what their flockmates were doing.

Emotional contagion would have been impossible for individual grosbeaks in ____ linear array except with their nearest neighbors.

Trade secret law aims to promote innovation, although it accomplishes this objective in a very different ____ than patent protection.

Notwithstanding the advantages of obtaining a patent, many innovators ____ to protect their innovation through secrecy.

____ may believe that the cost and delay of seeking a patent are too great or that secrecy better protects their investment and increases their profit.

They might also believe that the invention can best be utilized over ____ longer period of time than a patent would allow.

Without any special legal protection for ____ secrets, however, the secretive inventor risks that an employee or contractor will disclose the proprietary information.

Once the idea is released, it will be ____ as the air” under the background norms of a free market economy.

Such ____ predicament would lead any inventor seeking to rely upon secrecy to spend an inordinate amount of resources building high and impassable fences around their research facilities and greatly limiting the number of people with access to the proprietary information.

By their very nature, the concepts of maintenance and ____ are predominantly examined from a process-oriented perspective.

The focus in related scholarly discourse often revolves around the lifespan ____ lifecycle of objects and technologies.

In this context, maintenance and repair are considered practices that have the potential to prolong the existence of objects, ensuring their sustained utilization over ____ extended period.

Krebs and Weber critically engage with anthropomorphic metaphors that imply a biography of things, appropriately highlighting that conventional understanding of the lifecycle of a technology, from ____ acquisition to its disposal from the household, provides an incomplete definition.

In reality, objects do not conform to a linear lifecycle model; instead, they undergo breakdowns, await repairs, are stored away, or find themselves relegated to the basement, ____ to be rediscovered and repurposed later.

Additionally, objects may enter recycling or second-hand cycles, leading to a dynamic afterlife marked by ____ applications.

As such, the life of ____ object exhibits a far more complicated and adaptive path than a simplistic linear progression.

People often assume that synthetic food ingredients are more harmful than natural ones, but this ____ not always the case.

Typically, synthetic ingredients can be made in a precisely controlled fashion and have well-defined compositions ____ properties, allowing careful evaluation of their potential toxicity.

On the other hand, natural ingredients often vary appreciably in their composition and properties depending on their origin, the time of year they were harvested, the climate they ____ throughout their lifetime, the soil quality, and how they were isolated and stored.

These variations can make testing their safety extremely difficult ― one is never sure about the potential toxicity of minor components that may ____ from time to time.

In some ____ a natural food component has been consumed for hundreds or thousands of years without causing any obvious health problems and can, therefore, be assumed to be safe.

However, one must still be ____ careful.

The controllability of the production process for synthetic food ingredients and the variability of natural ____ ingredients may challenge people’s commonly held assumption that the natural ingredients are more secure.

____ grabbing a piece of paper between your thumb and index finger.

Maybe you already are, as ____ turn this page.

We use this type of forceful, pad-to-pad precision gripping ____ thinking about it, and literally in a snap.

Yet it was a ____ in human evolution.

Other primates exhibit some kinds of precision grips in the handling and use of objects, but not with the ____ of efficient opposition that our hand anatomy allows.

In a single hand, ____ can easily hold and manipulate objects, even small and delicate ones, while adjusting our fingers to their shape and reorienting them with displacements of our fingertip pads.

Our ____ long, powerful thumb and other anatomical attributes, including our flat nails (which nearly all primates possess), make this possible.

Just picture trying ― and failing ____ to dog-ear this page with pointy, curved claws.

With a unique combination of traits, ____ human hand shaped our history.

No ____ stone tools couldn’t have become a keystone of human technology and subsistence without hands that could do the job, along with a nervous system that could regulate and coordinate the necessary signals.

Anybody who’s ever attempted to make a spear tip or ____ from a rock knows that it requires strong grips, constant rotation and repositioning, and forceful, careful strikes with another hard object.

And even with a fair amount of know-how, ____ can be a bloody business.