2025 수능 영어 변형 (31-42번)

Literature can be helpful in the language learning process because of the personal involvement it fosters in ____.

Core language teaching materials ____ concentrate on how a language operates both as a rule-based system and as a sociosemantic system.

Very often, the process of learning is essentially analytic, ____, and, at the level of the personality, fairly superficial.

Engaging imaginatively with literature ____ learners to shift the focus of their attention beyond the more mechanical aspects of the foreign language system.

When a novel, play or short story is explored ____ a period of time, the result is that the reader begins to ‘inhabit’ the text.

He or she is drawn ____ the book.

Pinpointing what individual words or phrases may mean becomes less ____ than pursuing the development of the story.

The reader is eager to find out ____ happens as events unfold; he or she feels close to certain characters and shares their emotional responses.

The language becomes ‘transparent’ ― the fiction draws the whole ____ into its own world.

Education, at ____ best, teaches more than just knowledge.

It teaches critical thinking: the ability to ____ and think before acting, to avoid succumbing to emotional pressures.

This is not thought control. It is the very ____: mental liberation.

Even the most advanced intellectual will be imperfect at this ____.

But even imperfect possession of it frees a person from the burden of being ‘stimulus-driven’, ____ reacting to the immediate environment, the brightest colours or loudest sounds.

Being driven by heuristic responses, living by instinct and emotion all the time, is a very easy way to live, in many ways: thought is effortful, ____ for the inexperienced.

But emotions are also exhausting, and short-term reactions may not, in the long ____, be the most beneficial for health and survival.

Just as we reach for ____ for the sake of convenience, storing up the arterial fat which may one day kill us, so our reliance on feelings can do us great harm.

We are famously living in the ____ of the attention economy, where the largest and most profitable businesses in the world are those that consume my attention.

The advertising industry is literally dedicated to capturing the conscious hours of my life and ____ them to someone else.

It might seem magical that so many exciting and useful ____ systems are available to use for free, but it is now conventional wisdom that if you can’t see who is paying for something that appears to be free, then the real product being sold is you.

Our creative engagement with other people is mediated by AI-based recommendation systems that are designed to trap our attention through the process that Nick Seaver calls captology, keeping us ____ to work sold by one company rather than another, replacing the freedom of personal exploration with algorithm-generated playlists or even algorithm-generated art.

Centralized, formal rules can facilitate productive activity by establishing roles and ____.

The rules of baseball ____ just regulate the behavior of the players; they determine the behavior that constitutes playing the game.

Rules do not ____ people from playing baseball; they create the very practice that allows people to play baseball.

A score of music imposes rules, but it ____ creates a pattern of conduct that enables people to produce music.

Legal rules that enable the formation of corporations, that enable the use of wills and trusts, that create negotiable instruments, and that establish the practice of contracting all ____ practices that create new opportunities for individuals.

And we have legal rules that establish roles individuals play ____ the legal system, such as judges, trustees, partners, and guardians.

True, the legal rules that ____ these roles constrain the behavior of individuals who occupy them, but rules also create the roles themselves.

Without ____ an individual would not have the opportunity to occupy the role.

The expansion of sports tourism in the twentieth century has been ____ by further developments in transportation.

Just as the ____ revolutionized travel in the nineteenth century, so the automobile produced even more dramatic changes in the twentieth.

The significance of the car in the development of sport and tourism generally has attracted considerable coverage and it has ____ no less an impact on sports tourism specifically.

Although originally invented towards the end of the nineteenth century, it started to become a mass form of transport in the ____ in the USA and rather later in Britain.

Apart from its convenience and flexibility, the car has the ____ advantages of affording access to many areas not served by public transport, as well as allowing the easy transport of luggage and equipment.

As a result, it was invaluable for the development of ____ forms of sports tourism but especially those which require the transportation of people and equipment to relatively remote locations.

The potential for market enforcement is greater when contracting parties have ____ reputational capital that can be devalued when contracts are violated.

Farmers and landowners develop reputations for honesty, fairness, producing high yields, and consistently demonstrating that they are good at ____ they do.

In small, ____ farming communities, reputations are well known.

Over time landowners indirectly monitor farmers by observing the reported output, the general quality of the soil, and any unusual or ____ behavior.

Farmer and ____ reputations act as a bond.

In any growing season a farmer can reduce ____, overuse soil, or underreport the crop.

Similarly, a landowner ____ undermaintain fences, ditches, and irrigation systems.

Accurate assessments of farmer and landowner behavior will be made over time, and those farmers and landowners ____ attempt to gain at each other’s expense will find that others may refuse to deal with them in the future.

____ the birds in your backyard.

If one ____ startles and flies off, others will follow, not waiting around to assess whether the threat is real.

They have been infected by ____ contagion.

In a long-term research project that ____ did with some of his students on patterns of antipredatory scanning by western evening grosbeaks, they found that birds in a circle showed more coordination in scanning than did birds who were feeding in a line.

The birds in a line, who could only see their nearest neighbor, not only were less coordinated when scanning, but also were more nervous, changing their body and head positions significantly more than grosbeaks in a circle, where it was possible for each grosbeak to see ____ other grosbeak.

____ wondered whether the birds in line were more fearful because they didn’t know what their flockmates were doing.

____ contagion would have been impossible for individual grosbeaks in the linear array except with their nearest neighbors.

Trade secret law aims to promote innovation, although it accomplishes this objective in a very different manner than ____ protection.

Notwithstanding the advantages of obtaining a patent, many innovators prefer to protect their innovation ____ secrecy.

They may believe that the cost and delay of seeking a patent are too great or that secrecy better protects their investment and ____ their profit.

They might also believe that the invention can best be utilized over a longer period of time ____ a patent would allow.

Without any special legal protection for trade ____, however, the secretive inventor risks that an employee or contractor will disclose the proprietary information.

Once the idea is released, it will be “free as the air” under the ____ norms of a free market economy.

Such a predicament would lead any inventor seeking to rely upon secrecy to spend an inordinate ____ of resources building high and impassable fences around their research facilities and greatly limiting the number of people with access to the proprietary information.

By their very nature, the concepts of ____ and repair are predominantly examined from a process-oriented perspective.

The focus in related scholarly discourse often revolves ____ the lifespan or lifecycle of objects and technologies.

In this context, maintenance and repair are considered practices that have the potential to prolong the existence of objects, ensuring their sustained ____ over an extended period.

Krebs and Weber critically engage with anthropomorphic metaphors that imply a biography of things, appropriately highlighting that conventional understanding of the lifecycle of a technology, from its acquisition to its disposal from the household, provides an ____ definition.

In reality, objects do not conform to a linear lifecycle model; instead, they undergo breakdowns, await repairs, are ____ away, or find themselves relegated to the basement, only to be rediscovered and repurposed later.

Additionally, objects may enter recycling or ____ cycles, leading to a dynamic afterlife marked by diverse applications.

As such, the life of an object exhibits a far ____ complicated and adaptive path than a simplistic linear progression.

People often assume that synthetic food ingredients are more harmful than natural ones, but this is not always the ____.

Typically, synthetic ingredients can be made in a precisely controlled fashion and have well-defined ____ and properties, allowing careful evaluation of their potential toxicity.

On the other hand, natural ingredients often vary appreciably in their composition and properties depending on their origin, the time of year they were harvested, the climate they experienced throughout their ____, the soil quality, and how they were isolated and stored.

These variations can make testing their safety extremely difficult ― one is never sure about the potential ____ of minor components that may vary from time to time.

In some cases, a natural food component has ____ consumed for hundreds or thousands of years without causing any obvious health problems and can, therefore, be assumed to be safe.

However, one must still be ____ careful.

The controllability of the production process for synthetic food ingredients and the ____ of natural food ingredients may challenge people’s commonly held assumption that the natural ingredients are more secure.

Imagine grabbing a piece of paper between your thumb and ____ finger.

Maybe you already are, as you ____ this page.

We use this type of forceful, pad-to-pad precision ____ without thinking about it, and literally in a snap.

Yet it was a ____ in human evolution.

Other primates exhibit some kinds of precision ____ in the handling and use of objects, but not with the kind of efficient opposition that our hand anatomy allows.

In a single hand, humans can easily ____ and manipulate objects, even small and delicate ones, while adjusting our fingers to their shape and reorienting them with displacements of our fingertip pads.

Our relatively long, powerful thumb and other anatomical attributes, including our flat nails (which nearly all ____ possess), make this possible.

____ picture trying ― and failing ― to dog-ear this page with pointy, curved claws.

With a unique combination of traits, the ____ hand shaped our history.

No question, stone tools couldn’t have become a keystone of human technology and subsistence without hands that ____ do the job, along with a nervous system that could regulate and coordinate the necessary signals.

Anybody who’s ever attempted to make a spear tip or arrowhead from a rock knows that it requires strong grips, constant rotation and repositioning, and forceful, careful strikes with another hard ____.

And even with a fair amount of know-how, it can be a bloody ____.