2023년 6월 고2 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

In the course of his research on business strategy and the environment, Michael Porter noticed a ____ pattern: Businesses seemed to be profiting from regulation.

He also discovered that the stricter regulations were prompting more ____ than the weaker ones.

The Dutch flower industry provides an ____.

For ____ years, the companies producing Holland’s worldrenowned tulips and other cut flowers were also contaminating the country’s water and soil with fertilizers and pesticides.

In 1991, the Dutch government adopted a policy designed to ____ pesticide use in half by 2000 ― a goal they ultimately achieved.

Facing increasingly strict regulation, greenhouse growers realized they had to develop new ____ if they were going to maintain product quality with fewer pesticides.

In response, they shifted to a cultivation method that circulates water in closedloop systems and grows ____ in a rock wool substrate.

The new system not only ____ the pollution released into the environment; it also increased profits by giving companies greater control over growing conditions.

It’s hard to pay more for the speedy but ____ skilled person, simply because there’s less effort being observed.

Two researchers once did a study in which they asked people how much they ____ pay for data recovery.

They found that people would pay a little more for a greater quantity of rescued data, but what they were ____ sensitive to was the number of hours the technician worked.

When the data recovery took only a few minutes, ____ to pay was low, but when it took more than a week to recover the same amount of data, people were willing to pay much more.

Think about it: They were willing to pay more for the slower ____ with the same outcome.

Fundamentally, when we value effort over ____, we’re paying for incompetence.

Although it is actually irrational, we feel more rational, and more comfortable, paying for ____.

In adolescence ____ of us had the experience of falling under the sway of a great book or writer.

We became entranced by the novel ideas in the book, and because we were so open to influence, these ____ encounters with exciting ideas sank deeply into our minds and became part of our own thought processes, affecting us decades after we absorbed them.

Such influences enriched our mental landscape, and in fact our intelligence depends on the ability to absorb the lessons and ideas of those ____ are older and wiser.

Just as the ____ tightens with age, however, so does the mind.

And just as our sense of weakness and vulnerability motivated the desire to learn, so does our creeping sense of superiority slowly close us off to new ____ and influences.

Some may advocate that we all become more skeptical in the modern world, but in fact a far greater danger comes ____ the increasing closing of the mind that burdens us as individuals as we get older, and seems to be burdening our culture in general.

Many people look for safety and ____ in popular thinking.

They figure that if a lot of people are doing something, then it must be ____. It must be a good idea.

If most ____ accept it, then it probably represents fairness, equality, compassion, and sensitivity, right? Not necessarily.

Popular thinking said the earth was the center of the universe, yet Copernicus studied the stars and ____ and proved mathematically that the earth and the other planets in our solar system revolved around the sun.

Popular thinking said surgery didn’t require clean instruments, yet Joseph Lister studied the high death rates in hospitals and ____ antiseptic practices that immediately saved lives.

Popular thinking said that women shouldn’t have the right to vote, yet people like Emmeline Pankhurst and Susan B Anthony fought for and ____ that right.

We must always remember there is a huge difference ____ acceptance and intelligence.

____ may say that there’s safety in numbers, but that’s not always true.

Before getting licensed to drive a cab in London, a person has to pass an incredibly difficult test with an intimidating name — “The ____.”

The ____ involves memorizing the layout of more than 20,000 streets in the Greater London area — a feat that involves an incredible amount of memory resources.

In fact, fewer than 50 percent of the people who sign up for taxi driver training ____ the test, even after spending two or three years studying for it!

And as it turns out, the brains of ____ cabbies are different from noncabdrivinghumans in ways that reflect their herculean memory efforts.

In ____, the part of the brain that has been most frequently associated with spatial memory, the tail of the sea horseshaped brain region called the hippocampus, is bigger than average in these taxi drivers.

When evaluating a policy, people tend to ____ on how the policy will fix some particular problem while ignoring or downplaying other effects it may have.

Economists often refer to this situation as The ____ of Unintended Consequences.

For instance, suppose that you impose a tariff on imported steel in order to protect the jobs of ____ steelworkers.

If you impose a high enough tariff, their jobs will indeed be protected from competition by foreign ____ companies.

But an unintended consequence is that the jobs of some ____ will be lost to foreign competition. Why?

The tariff that ____ steelworkers raises the price of the steel that domestic automobile makers need to build their cars.

As a result, domestic automobile manufacturers have to raise the prices of their ____, making them relatively less attractive than foreign cars.

Raising prices tends to reduce domestic ____ sales, so some domestic autoworkers lose their jobs.

Species that are ____ in only one area are called endemic species and are especially vulnerable to extinction.

They ____ on islands and in other unique small areas, especially in tropical rain forests where most species are highly specialized.

One example is the brilliantly colored golden toad once found only in a small area of lush rain forests in Costa ____ mountainous region.

____ living in the country’s wellprotected Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, by 1989, the golden toad had apparently become extinct.

Much of the moisture that ____ its rain forest habitat came in the form of moistureladen clouds blowing in from the Caribbean Sea.

But warmer air from global climate change caused these clouds to rise, ____ the forests of moisture, and the habitat for the golden toad and many other species dried up.

The ____ toad appears to be one of the first victims of climate change caused largely by global warming.

The fundamental ____ of the experimental method is manipulation and control.

____ manipulate a variable of interest, and see if there’s a difference.

At the same time, they attempt to control for the potential effects of all other ____.

The importance of controlled experiments in identifying the underlying causes of ____ cannot be overstated.

In the realuncontrolledworld, ____ are often correlated.

For example, people who take vitamin supplements may have ____ eating and exercise habits than people who don’t take vitamins.

As a result, if we want to study the health effects of vitamins, we can’t merely observe the real world, since any of these factors (the vitamins, diet, or exercise) ____ affect health.

____, we have to create a situation that doesn’t actually occur in the real world.

That’s just what ____ experiments do.

They try to separate the naturally occurring relationship in the world by manipulating one specific ____ at a time, while holding everything else constant.

Why do people in the Mediterranean live longer and ____ a lower incidence of disease?

____ people say it’s because of what they eat.

Their diet is full of fresh fruits, fish, ____, whole grains, and nuts.

Individuals in these cultures ____ red wine and use great amounts of olive oil.

Why is that food pattern healthy? ____ reason is that they are eating a palette of colors.

More and more research is surfacing that shows us the benefits of the thousands of ____ “phytochemicals” (phyto=plant) that exist in foods.

These healthful, non‑nutritive compounds in plants provide color and function to the plant and add to the health of the ____ body.

Each color connects to a particular ____ that serves a specific function in the body.

For example, if you don’t eat purple ____, you are probably missing out on anthocyanins, important brain protection compounds.

Similarly, if you avoid green‑colored foods, you may be lacking chlorophyll, a plant antioxidant that guards your cells from ____.

People behave in highly predictable ways ____ they experience certain thoughts.

When they ____, they nod their heads.

So far, no surprise, but according to an area of research known as “proprioceptive ____,” the process also works in reverse.

Get people to behave in a certain way and you cause them to ____ certain thoughts.

The idea was initially controversial, but fortunately it was supported by a ____ experiment.

Participants in a study were asked to ____ on various products moving across a large computer screen and then indicate whether the items appealed to them.

Some of the items moved vertically (causing the participants to nod their heads while watching), and others moved ____ (resulting in a sidetoside head movement).

Participants preferred ____ moving products without being aware that their “yes” and “no” head movements had played a key role in their decisions.

In one study, participants responded favorably to products on a computer screen ____ they moved their heads up and down, which showed that their decisions were unconsciously influenced by their behavior.