2023년 6월 고2 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

In the course of his research on business strategy and the environment, Michael Porter noticed a peculiar pattern: Businesses seemed to ____ profiting from regulation.

He also discovered that the stricter regulations were ____ more innovation than the weaker ones.

The Dutch flower industry provides an ____

For many years, the companies producing Holland’s worldrenowned tulips and other cut flowers were also contaminating the ____ water and soil with fertilizers and pesticides.

In 1991, the Dutch government adopted a policy designed to cut pesticide use in half by 2000 ― a ____ they ultimately achieved.

Facing increasingly strict regulation, greenhouse growers realized they had to develop new methods if ____ were going to maintain product quality with fewer pesticides.

In response, they shifted to a cultivation method that circulates ____ in closedloop systems and grows flowers in a rock wool substrate.

The new system not only reduced the pollution released into the environment; it also increased profits by giving companies greater control ____ growing conditions.

It’s hard to pay more for the speedy but highly skilled person, simply ____ there’s less effort being observed.

Two researchers once did a ____ in which they asked people how much they would pay for data recovery.

They found that people would pay a little more for a greater quantity of rescued data, but what they were most sensitive to was the number of hours the ____ worked.

When the data recovery took ____ a few minutes, willingness to pay was low, but when it took more than a week to recover the same amount of data, people were willing to pay much more.

Think about it: They were willing to ____ more for the slower service with the same outcome.

Fundamentally, when we value effort over outcome, we’re paying for ____

Although it is actually irrational, we feel more ____ and more comfortable, paying for incompetence.

In adolescence many of us had the experience of falling under the sway ____ a great book or writer.

We became entranced by the ____ ideas in the book, and because we were so open to influence, these early encounters with exciting ideas sank deeply into our minds and became part of our own thought processes, affecting us decades after we absorbed them.

Such influences enriched our mental landscape, and ____ fact our intelligence depends on the ability to absorb the lessons and ideas of those who are older and wiser.

Just as ____ body tightens with age, however, so does the mind.

And just as our sense of weakness and vulnerability motivated the desire to learn, ____ does our creeping sense of superiority slowly close us off to new ideas and influences.

Some may advocate that we ____ become more skeptical in the modern world, but in fact a far greater danger comes from the increasing closing of the mind that burdens us as individuals as we get older, and seems to be burdening our culture in general.

Many people look for safety and security in ____ thinking.

They figure that if a lot of ____ are doing something, then it must be right. It must be a good idea.

If most people accept it, then it probably represents fairness, equality, ____ and sensitivity, right? Not necessarily.

____ thinking said the earth was the center of the universe, yet Copernicus studied the stars and planets and proved mathematically that the earth and the other planets in our solar system revolved around the sun.

Popular thinking said surgery didn’t require clean instruments, yet Joseph Lister studied the high death rates in ____ and introduced antiseptic practices that immediately saved lives.

Popular thinking said that women shouldn’t have the right to vote, yet people like ____ Pankhurst and Susan B Anthony fought for and won that right.

We ____ always remember there is a huge difference between acceptance and intelligence.

____ may say that there’s safety in numbers, but that’s not always true.

Before getting licensed to drive a cab in London, a person has ____ pass an incredibly difficult test with an intimidating name — “The Knowledge.”

The test involves memorizing ____ layout of more than 20,000 streets in the Greater London area — a feat that involves an incredible amount of memory resources.

In fact, fewer than 50 percent of the people who sign up for taxi driver training pass the test, even after spending two or three years ____ for it!

And as it turns out, the brains of London cabbies are different from noncabdrivinghumans in ways that reflect their herculean memory ____

In fact, the part of the brain that has been most frequently associated with spatial memory, the tail of the sea horseshaped brain region called the hippocampus, is bigger ____ average in these taxi drivers.

When evaluating a policy, people tend to concentrate on how the policy will fix some particular ____ while ignoring or downplaying other effects it may have.

Economists often refer to this situation as ____ Law of Unintended Consequences.

For instance, suppose that you impose a tariff on imported steel in order to protect the jobs of ____ steelworkers.

If you impose a high enough tariff, their jobs will indeed be protected ____ competition by foreign steel companies.

But an unintended consequence is that the jobs of some autoworkers will be lost to foreign ____ Why?

The tariff that protects steelworkers raises ____ price of the steel that domestic automobile makers need to build their cars.

As a result, domestic automobile manufacturers have to raise the prices of their cars, ____ them relatively less attractive than foreign cars.

____ prices tends to reduce domestic car sales, so some domestic autoworkers lose their jobs.

Species that are found in only one area are ____ endemic species and are especially vulnerable to extinction.

They exist on islands and ____ other unique small areas, especially in tropical rain forests where most species are highly specialized.

One example is the brilliantly colored golden toad once found only in a small area of lush rain ____ in Costa Rica’s mountainous region.

Despite living in ____ country’s wellprotected Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, by 1989, the golden toad had apparently become extinct.

Much of the ____ that supported its rain forest habitat came in the form of moistureladen clouds blowing in from the Caribbean Sea.

But warmer air from global climate change caused these clouds to ____ depriving the forests of moisture, and the habitat for the golden toad and many other species dried up.

The golden toad appears ____ be one of the first victims of climate change caused largely by global warming.

The fundamental nature of the experimental method is manipulation ____ control.

Scientists manipulate a variable of interest, and see if ____ a difference.

At the same time, they attempt to control for the potential effects of ____ other variables.

The importance of controlled experiments in identifying the underlying causes of events cannot be ____

In ____ realuncontrolledworld, variables are often correlated.

For example, people who take vitamin supplements may have different eating and exercise habits than people ____ don’t take vitamins.

As a result, if we want to study the health effects of vitamins, we can’t merely observe the ____ world, since any of these factors (the vitamins, diet, or exercise) may affect health.

Rather, we have to create a situation that doesn’t actually occur in ____ real world.

That’s just what ____ experiments do.

They try to separate the naturally occurring relationship in the world by ____ one specific variable at a time, while holding everything else constant.

Why do people in ____ Mediterranean live longer and have a lower incidence of disease?

Some people say it’s because ____ what they eat.

Their ____ is full of fresh fruits, fish, vegetables, whole grains, and nuts.

Individuals in these cultures drink red wine and ____ great amounts of olive oil.

Why is that food pattern healthy? One reason is that they are eating a palette ____ colors.

More and more research is surfacing that shows us the benefits of the thousands of ____ “phytochemicals” (phyto=plant) that exist in foods.

These healthful, non‑nutritive compounds in plants provide color and function ____ the plant and add to the health of the human body.

____ color connects to a particular compound that serves a specific function in the body.

For example, if you don’t eat ____ foods, you are probably missing out on anthocyanins, important brain protection compounds.

Similarly, if you avoid green‑colored foods, you may be lacking chlorophyll, a plant ____ that guards your cells from damage.

People behave ____ highly predictable ways when they experience certain thoughts.

When they agree, they ____ their heads.

So far, no surprise, but according to ____ area of research known as “proprioceptive psychology,” the process also works in reverse.

Get people to ____ in a certain way and you cause them to have certain thoughts.

The idea was initially controversial, but fortunately it was supported by ____ compelling experiment.

Participants in a study were asked to fixate on various products moving across a large computer screen and then indicate ____ the items appealed to them.

Some of the items moved ____ (causing the participants to nod their heads while watching), and others moved horizontally (resulting in a sidetoside head movement).

Participants preferred vertically moving products without ____ aware that their “yes” and “no” head movements had played a key role in their decisions.

In one study, participants responded favorably to products on a computer screen when they moved their ____ up and down, which showed that their decisions were unconsciously influenced by their behavior.