2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

Free play is nature’s means of teaching ____ that they are not helpless.

In play, away from adults, children really do have control and can practice ____ it.

In free play, children learn to make their own decisions, solve their own problems, create and follow rules, and get along with others as equals rather than as obedient ____ rebellious subordinates.

In active outdoor play, children deliberately dose themselves with moderate amounts of fear and they thereby learn how to control not ____ their bodies, but also their fear.

In social play children learn how to negotiate with others, how ____ please others, and how to manage and overcome the anger that can arise from conflicts.

None of these lessons can be taught ____ verbal means; they can be learned only through experience, which free play provides.

Many early ____ investors focused almost entirely on revenue growth instead of net income.

Many early dot‑com companies earned most of their revenue from selling advertising space on ____ Web sites.

To ____ reported revenue, some sites began exchanging ad space.

Company A would put an ad for its Web site on company ____ Web site, and company B would put an ad for its Web site on company A’s Web site.

No money ever changed hands, but each company recorded ____ (for the value of the space that it gave up on its site) and expense (for the value of its ad that it placed on the other company’s site).

This practice did little to boost net income and resulted in no additional cash inflow, ─ ____ it did boost reported revenue.

This practice was quickly put to an end because accountants felt that it did not meet the ____ of the revenue recognition principle.

Scholars of myth have long argued that myth gives structure and meaning to human life;, that meaning is amplified when a myth evolves ____ a world.

A virtual world’s ability ____ fulfill needs grows when lots and lots of people believe in the world.

Conversely, a virtual world cannot be long sustained by ____ mere handful of adherents.

Consider the difference between a global sport and ____ game I invent with my nine friends and play regularly.

My game might be a great game, one that is completely immersive, ____ that consumes all of my group’s time and attention.

If its reach is limited to the ten of us, though, then it’s ultimately just a weird hobby, and it ____ limited social function.

For a virtual world to provide lasting, wide‑ranging value, its participants must be a large enough group ____ be considered a society.

When that threshold is reached, ____ value can turn into wide‑ranging social value.

It seems natural to describe certain environmental conditions as ‘extreme’, ‘harsh’, ‘benign’ ____ ‘stressful’.

It may seem obvious when conditions are ‘extreme’:, the midday heat of a desert, the cold of an Antarctic winter, the salinity ____ the Great Salt Lake.

But this only means that these conditions are extreme for us, ____ our particular physiological characteristics and tolerances.

To a cactus there is nothing extreme about the desert conditions in which cacti have evolved;, nor ____ the icy lands of Antarctica an extreme environment for penguins.

It is lazy and dangerous for the ecologist to assume that all other organisms sense the environment in ____ way we do.

Rather, the ecologist should try to gain a worm’s‑eye or plant’s‑eye view of the environment: to see the world as ____ see it.

Emotive words like harsh and benign, even relativities such as ____ and cold, should be used by ecologists only with care.

Human processes differ from rational processes ____ their outcome.

A process is rational if it always does the right thing based on the current information, given an ____ performance measure.

In short, rational processes go by the book and assume that the ____ is actually correct.

Human processes involve instinct, ____ and other variables that don’t necessarily reflect the book and may not even consider the existing data.

As an example, the rational way to drive ____ car is to always follow the laws.

However, traffic isn’t ____ if you follow the laws precisely, you end up stuck somewhere because other drivers aren’t following the laws precisely.

To be successful, a ____ car must therefore act humanly, rather than rationally.

Like positive habits, ____ habits exist on a continuum of easy‑to‑change and hard‑to‑change.

When you get toward the “hard” end of the spectrum, note the language you hear, —breaking ____ habits and battling addiction.

It’s as if an unwanted ____ is a nefarious villain to be aggressively defeated.

But this kind of language, (and the approaches it spawns), frames these challenges in a ____ that isn’t helpful or effective.

I specifically hope we will stop using ____ phrase: “break a habit.”

This ____ misguides people.

The word “break” sets the wrong expectation for ____ you get rid of a bad habit.

This word implies that if you input a lot of force in one ____ the habit will be gone.

However, that rarely works, because you usually ____ get rid of an unwanted habit by applying force one time.

A common but incorrect assumption is that we are creatures of reason when, in fact, we ____ creatures of both reason and emotion.

We cannot get by on reason alone since any reason ____ eventually leads to a feeling.

____ I get a wholegrain cereal or a chocolate cereal?

I can list all the reasons I want, but the reasons have to be based on ____

For example, if my goal is to eat healthy, I can choose the wholegrain cereal, but what is my ____ for wanting to be healthy?

I can ____ more and more reasons such as wanting to live longer, spending more quality time with loved ones, etc., but what are the reasons for those reasons?

You should be able ____ see by now that reasons are ultimately based on non‑reason such as values, feelings, or emotions.

These deep‑seated values, feelings, and emotions we have are rarely a result of reasoning, but can certainly be ____ by reasoning.

We have values, feelings, and emotions before we begin to reason and long ____ we begin to reason effectively.

Electric communication ____ mainly known in fish.

The electric signals are ____ in special electric organs.

When the signal is ____ the electric organ will be negatively loaded compared to the head and an electric field is created around the fish.

____ weak electric current is created also in ordinary muscle cells when they contract.

In the electric organ the muscle cells are connected in larger chunks, which makes the total current ____ larger than in ordinary muscles.

The fish varies the signals ____ changing the form of the electric field or the frequency of discharging.

The system ____ only working over small distances, about one to two meters.

This ____ an advantage since the species using the signal system often live in large groups with several other species.

If many fish ____ out signals at the same time, the short range decreases the risk of interference.

Creativity can ____ an effect on productivity.

Creativity leads some individuals to ____ problems that others do not see, but which may be very difficult.

Charles Darwin’s ____ to the speciation problem is a good example of this;, he chose a very difficult and tangled problem, speciation, which led him into a long period of data collection and deliberation.

This choice of problem did not allow for a ____ attack or a simple experiment.

In such cases creativity may ____ decrease productivity (as measured by publication counts) because effort is focused on difficult problems.

For others, whose creativity is more focused on methods ____ technique, creativity may lead to solutions that drastically reduce the work necessary to solve a problem.

We can see an example in the development of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which enables us to amplify small pieces of DNA ____ a short time.

This ____ of creativity might reduce the number of steps or substitute steps that are less likely to fail, thus increasing productivity.

A young child may be puzzled when asked ____ distinguish between the directions of right and left.

But that same child may have no difficulty ____ determining the directions of up and down or back and front.

Scientists propose that this occurs because, although we experience three dimensions, only two had a strong influence on our evolution: the vertical dimension as ____ by gravity and, in mobile species, the front/back dimension as defined by the positioning of sensory and feeding mechanisms.

These influence our perception of vertical versus horizontal, far versus close, and the search for dangers from above (such as ____ eagle) or below (such as a snake).

However, the left‑right axis is not ____ relevant in nature.

A bear is ____ dangerous from its left or the right side, but not if it is upside down.

In fact, when observing a scene containing plants, animals, and man‑made objects such as cars or street signs, ____ can only tell when left and right have been inverted if we observe those artificial items.

Having affected the ____ of our spatial perception, vertical and front/back dimensions are easily perceived, but the left‑right axis, which is not significant in nature, doesn’t come instantly to us.

Creative people ____ all cut from the same cloth.

They have varying levels of ____ and sensitivity.

They have different ____ to work.

And ____ each motivated by different things.

Managing people is about being ____ of their unique personalities.

It’s also about empathy and adaptability, and knowing how the things you do and say will be interpreted ____ adapting accordingly.

Who you are and what you say may not be the same from ____ person to the next.

For instance, if you’re asking someone to work a second weekend in a row, or telling them they aren’t getting that ____ promotion just yet, you need to bear in mind the individual.

Vincent will have a very different reaction to the news than Emily, and they will each be more receptive to the news if ____ bundled with different things.

Perhaps that promotion news will land ____ if Vincent is given a few extra vacation days for the holidays, while you can promise Emily a bigger promotion a year from now.

Consider each person’s complex positive and negative personality traits, ____ life circumstances, and their mindset in the moment when deciding what to say and how to say it.

____ connection, compassion, and an individualized management style are key to drawing consistent, rock star‑level work out of everyone.