2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

Free play is nature’s means of teaching children that they are ____ helpless.

In play, away from adults, children ____ do have control and can practice asserting it.

In free ____, children learn to make their own decisions, solve their own problems, create and follow rules, and get along with others as equals rather than as obedient or rebellious subordinates.

In active outdoor play, children deliberately dose themselves with moderate amounts of fear and they thereby learn how to control ____ only their bodies, but also their fear.

In social play children learn ____ to negotiate with others, how to please others, and how to manage and overcome the anger that can arise from conflicts.

None of these lessons can be taught through ____ means; they can be learned only through experience, which free play provides.

Many early dot‑com investors focused almost ____ on revenue growth instead of net income.

Many ____ dot‑com companies earned most of their revenue from selling advertising space on their Web sites.

To ____ reported revenue, some sites began exchanging ad space.

Company A would put an ad for its Web site on company B’s Web ____, and company B would put an ad for its Web site on company A’s Web site.

No money ever changed hands, but each company ____ revenue (for the value of the space that it gave up on its site) and expense (for the value of its ad that it placed on the other company’s site).

This practice did little to boost net income and ____ in no additional cash inflow, ─ but it did boost reported revenue.

This practice was quickly put to an end because ____ felt that it did not meet the criteria of the revenue recognition principle.

Scholars of myth have long argued that myth ____ structure and meaning to human life;, that meaning is amplified when a myth evolves into a world.

A virtual world’s ability to fulfill needs grows when ____ and lots of people believe in the world.

Conversely, a virtual world cannot be ____ sustained by a mere handful of adherents.

Consider the difference between a global ____ and a game I invent with my nine friends and play regularly.

My game might be a great game, one that is completely immersive, one that consumes all of my group’s time and ____.

If its reach is limited to the ten of us, though, ____ it’s ultimately just a weird hobby, and it has limited social function.

For a virtual world to provide lasting, wide‑ranging value, its participants must be a ____ enough group to be considered a society.

When that threshold is reached, psychological value can turn into wide‑ranging ____ value.

It seems ____ to describe certain environmental conditions as ‘extreme’, ‘harsh’, ‘benign’ or ‘stressful’.

It may seem obvious when conditions are ‘extreme’:, the midday ____ of a desert, the cold of an Antarctic winter, the salinity of the Great Salt Lake.

But this only means that ____ conditions are extreme for us, given our particular physiological characteristics and tolerances.

To a cactus there is ____ extreme about the desert conditions in which cacti have evolved;, nor are the icy lands of Antarctica an extreme environment for penguins.

It is lazy and dangerous for the ecologist to assume that ____ other organisms sense the environment in the way we do.

Rather, the ecologist should try to gain a worm’s‑eye or ____ view of the environment: to see the world as others see it.

____ words like harsh and benign, even relativities such as hot and cold, should be used by ecologists only with care.

Human processes differ ____ rational processes in their outcome.

A process is rational if it always does the ____ thing based on the current information, given an ideal performance measure.

In short, rational processes go by the book and ____ that the book is actually correct.

Human processes involve instinct, intuition, and other variables that don’t necessarily reflect the book and may not even consider the existing ____.

As an example, the rational way to drive a ____ is to always follow the laws.

However, traffic isn’t rational;, if you follow the laws precisely, you end up stuck somewhere because ____ drivers aren’t following the laws precisely.

To be successful, a self‑driving car must ____ act humanly, rather than rationally.

Like positive habits, bad habits ____ on a continuum of easy‑to‑change and hard‑to‑change.

When you get toward the “hard” end of the spectrum, note the language you hear, —breaking bad ____ and battling addiction.

It’s as if an unwanted behavior is a ____ villain to be aggressively defeated.

But this kind of ____, (and the approaches it spawns), frames these challenges in a way that isn’t helpful or effective.

I specifically hope we will stop using this phrase: “break a ____.”

This language misguides ____.

The word “break” sets the wrong ____ for how you get rid of a bad habit.

This word implies that if you input a lot of force in one moment, the habit will be ____.

However, that rarely works, because you usually cannot get rid of an unwanted habit by ____ force one time.

A common but ____ assumption is that we are creatures of reason when, in fact, we are creatures of both reason and emotion.

We cannot get by on reason ____ since any reason always eventually leads to a feeling.

____ I get a wholegrain cereal or a chocolate cereal?

I can list all the reasons I want, but the reasons have to be based on ____.

For example, if my goal is to eat healthy, I can choose the wholegrain cereal, but ____ is my reason for wanting to be healthy?

I can list more and more reasons such as wanting to live longer, spending more quality time with loved ones, etc., but what are the ____ for those reasons?

You should be able to see by now that reasons are ultimately based on non‑reason such as values, feelings, or ____.

____ deep‑seated values, feelings, and emotions we have are rarely a result of reasoning, but can certainly be influenced by reasoning.

We have values, feelings, and emotions before we begin to reason and long ____ we begin to reason effectively.

Electric communication is mainly ____ in fish.

The electric signals are produced in special ____ organs.

When the signal is discharged the electric organ will be negatively loaded compared to the head and an electric field is created around the ____.

A weak electric current is created also in ordinary muscle ____ when they contract.

In the electric organ the muscle cells are connected in larger chunks, which makes the total current intensity larger ____ in ordinary muscles.

The fish varies the signals by changing the form of the electric field or the frequency of ____.

The system is only working ____ small distances, about one to two meters.

This is an advantage since the species using the signal system ____ live in large groups with several other species.

If many fish send out signals at the same time, the ____ range decreases the risk of interference.

Creativity can ____ an effect on productivity.

Creativity leads some ____ to recognize problems that others do not see, but which may be very difficult.

Charles Darwin’s approach to the speciation problem is a good example of this;, he chose a very difficult and tangled problem, ____, which led him into a long period of data collection and deliberation.

This ____ of problem did not allow for a quick attack or a simple experiment.

In such cases ____ may actually decrease productivity (as measured by publication counts) because effort is focused on difficult problems.

For others, whose creativity is more focused on methods and technique, creativity may lead to solutions that drastically ____ the work necessary to solve a problem.

We can see an example in the development of the ____ chain reaction (PCR) which enables us to amplify small pieces of DNA in a short time.

This type of creativity might reduce the number of steps or ____ steps that are less likely to fail, thus increasing productivity.

A young child ____ be puzzled when asked to distinguish between the directions of right and left.

But that same child may have no difficulty in determining the ____ of up and down or back and front.

Scientists propose that this occurs because, although we experience ____ dimensions, only two had a strong influence on our evolution: the vertical dimension as defined by gravity and, in mobile species, the front/back dimension as defined by the positioning of sensory and feeding mechanisms.

These influence our perception of vertical versus horizontal, far versus close, and the ____ for dangers from above (such as an eagle) or below (such as a snake).

However, the ____ axis is not as relevant in nature.

A bear is equally dangerous from its left or the ____ side, but not if it is upside down.

In fact, when observing a scene containing plants, animals, and man‑made objects such as cars or street signs, we can only tell when left and right ____ been inverted if we observe those artificial items.

Having affected the ____ of our spatial perception, vertical and front/back dimensions are easily perceived, but the left‑right axis, which is not significant in nature, doesn’t come instantly to us.

Creative people aren’t all ____ from the same cloth.

They have ____ levels of maturity and sensitivity.

They have different approaches to ____.

And they’re each ____ by different things.

Managing people is about being ____ of their unique personalities.

It’s also about empathy and adaptability, and knowing how the things ____ do and say will be interpreted and adapting accordingly.

Who you are and what you say may not be the ____ from one person to the next.

For instance, if you’re asking someone to work a second weekend in a row, or ____ them they aren’t getting that deserved promotion just yet, you need to bear in mind the individual.

Vincent will have a very ____ reaction to the news than Emily, and they will each be more receptive to the news if it’s bundled with different things.

Perhaps that promotion news will land easier if Vincent is given a few extra vacation days for the holidays, while you can promise Emily a ____ promotion a year from now.

Consider each person’s complex positive and negative personality traits, their life circumstances, and their mindset in the ____ when deciding what to say and how to say it.

Personal connection, compassion, and an individualized management style are key to drawing consistent, rock star‑level ____ out of everyone.