2024년 6월 고2 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

We collect stamps, coins, ____ cars even when they serve no practical purpose.

The post office doesn't accept the old stamps, the banks don't take old coins, and the vintage cars are no longer allowed on the ____

These are all side ____ the attraction is that they are in short supply.

In one study, students were asked to arrange ten posters in order of attractiveness ― with the agreement that afterward they could keep one poster as a reward ____ their participation.

Five minutes later, they were told that the poster with the third highest rating was no longer ____

Then they ____ asked to judge all ten from scratch.

The poster ____ was no longer available was suddenly classified as the most beautiful.

In psychology, this phenomenon is called reactance: ____ we are deprived of an option, we suddenly deem it more attractive.

If we've invested in something that hasn't repaid us ― be it ____ in a failing venture, or time in an unhappy relationship ― we find it very difficult to walk away.

This ____ the sunk cost fallacy.

Our instinct is to continue investing money or time as we hope that our investment will prove to ____ worthwhile in the end.

Giving up would mean acknowledging that we've wasted something we can't ____ back, and that thought is so painful that we prefer to avoid it if we can.

The problem, of course, is that if something really is a bad bet, then staying with it ____ increases the amount we lose.

Rather than ____ away from a bad five-year relationship, for example, we turn it into a bad 10-year relationship; rather than accept that we've lost a thousand dollars, we lay down another thousand and lose that too.

In the end, by delaying the pain of admitting our problem, we only ____ to it.

Sometimes we just have to cut ____ losses.

____ our little world, light travels, for all practical purposes, instantaneously.

If a lightbulb is glowing, then of course it's physically where ____ see it, shining away.

____ reach out our hand and touch it: It's there all right, and unpleasantly hot.

If the filament fails, then the ____ goes out.

We don't see it in the same place, glowing, illuminating ____ room years after the bulb breaks and it's removed from its socket.

The ____ notion seems nonsensical.

But if we're far enough away, an entire sun can go out and we'll continue to see it shining brightly; we won't learn of ____ death, it may be, for ages to come ― in fact, for how long it takes light, which travels fast but not infinitely fast, to cross the intervening vastness.

The immense distances to the stars and the galaxies mean ____ we see everything in space in the past.

Financial markets do more than take ____ from the rich and lend it to everyone else.

They enable each of us to smooth consumption over our lifetimes, which is a fancy way of saying that we don't have to spend income at the same time ____ earn it.

Shakespeare may have admonished us to be neither ____ nor lenders; the fact is that most of us will be both at some point.

If we lived in an agrarian society, we would have to eat our crops reasonably soon after the harvest ____ find some way to store them.

Financial ____ are a more sophisticated way of managing the harvest.

We can spend income now that we have not yet earned ― as by borrowing for college or a home ― or we ____ earn income now and spend it later, as by saving for retirement.

The important point is that earning income has been divorced from spending it, allowing us much more ____ in life.

As the old ____ goes: "Software, free. User manual, $10,000."

But it's no joke. A couple ____ high-profile companies make their living selling instruction and paid support for free software.

The copy of code, being mere bits, ____ free.

The lines of free code become valuable ____ you only through support and guidance.

____ lot of medical and genetic information will go this route in the coming decades.

Right now getting a full copy of all your DNA is very expensive ____ but soon it won't be.

The price is dropping so fast, it will be $100 soon, and then the next year insurance companies will offer to sequence you for ____

When a copy of your sequence costs nothing, the interpretation ____ what it means, what you can do about it, and how to use it ― the manual for your genes ― will be expensive.

____ are expensive in terms of energy.

Twenty percent of the calories we ____ are used to power the brain.

So brains try to operate in the most energy-efficient way possible, and that means processing only the minimum amount of information from ____ senses that we need to navigate the world.

Neuroscientists weren't the first to discover that fixing your gaze on something ____ no guarantee of seeing it.

Magicians figured this ____ long ago.

____ directing your attention, they perform tricks with their hands in full view.

Their actions should give away the game, but they can rest assured that your brain processes only small bits of the visual ____

This all helps to explain the prevalence of traffic accidents in which drivers hit pedestrians in plain view, or collide with cars directly ____ front of them.

In many of ____ cases, the eyes are pointed in the right direction, but the brain isn't seeing what's really out there.

Buying a ____ is current consumption.

It makes us happy today but does nothing to ____ us richer tomorrow.

Yes, money spent on a television keeps workers ____ at the television factory.

But if the same money were invested, it would create jobs somewhere else, say for scientists in a laboratory or workers on a construction site, ____ also making us richer in the long run.

Think about college ____ an example.

Sending students to college creates ____ for professors.

Using the same money ____ buy fancy sports cars for high school graduates would create jobs for auto workers.

The crucial difference between these scenarios is that a college education makes a young person more productive for the rest ____ his or her life; a sports car does not.

Thus, college tuition is an investment; buying a sports car ____ consumption.

The Net differs from most of the mass media it replaces in an obvious and very ____ way: it's bidirectional.

We can ____ messages through the network as well as receive them, which has made the system all the more useful.

The ability to exchange information online, to ____ as well as download, has turned the Net into a thoroughfare for business and commerce.

With a few clicks, people can ____ virtual catalogues, place orders, track shipments, and update information in corporate databases.

But the Net doesn't just connect us with businesses; it ____ us with one another.

It's a personal broadcasting medium as well as ____ commercial one.

Millions of ____ use it to distribute their own digital creations, in the form of blogs, videos, photos, songs, and podcasts, as well as to critique, edit, or otherwise modify the creations of others.

Imagine that seven out of ten working Americans got fired ____

What would they ____ do?

It's hard to believe you'd have an economy at all if you gave ____ slips to more than half the labor force.

But that is what the industrial revolution did to the workforce of the early 19th ____

Two hundred ____ ago, 70 percent of American workers lived on the farm.

Today ____ has eliminated all but 1 percent of their jobs, replacing them with machines.

But the displaced workers did ____ sit idle.

Instead, ____ created hundreds of millions of jobs in entirely new fields.

Those who once farmed were now manning the factories that manufactured farm equipment, cars, and other ____ products.

Since then, wave upon wave of new occupations have arrived ─ appliance repair person, food chemist, ____ web designer ─ each building on previous automation.

Today, ____ vast majority of us are doing jobs that no farmer from the 1800s could have imagined.

Many things spark envy: ownership, status, health, youth, ____ popularity, beauty.

It is often confused with jealousy ____ the physical reactions are identical.

____ difference: the subject of envy is a thing (status, money, health etc.).

The subject of jealousy is the behaviour of a third ____

Envy needs ____ people.

____ on the other hand, requires three:

Peter is jealous of ____ because the beautiful girl next door rings him instead.

Paradoxically, with envy we direct resentments toward those who are most ____ to us in age, career and residence.

We don't envy businesspeople from the century before ____

We don't envy millionaires ____ the other side of the globe.

As a writer, I don't envy ____ managers or dentists, but other writers.

____ a CEO you envy other, bigger CEOs.

As a supermodel you envy more successful ____

Aristotle ____ this: 'Potters envy potters.'

Jealousy involves ____ parties, focusing on the actions of a third person, whereas envy involves two individuals whose personal circumstances are most alike, with one person resenting the other.

We have ____ that support our biases!

If we're partial to one option ― perhaps because ____ more memorable, or framed to minimize loss, or seemingly consistent with a promising pattern ― we tend to search for information that will justify choosing that option.

On the one hand, it's sensible to make choices that we can defend with data and a list of ____

On the other hand, if we're not ____ we're likely to conduct an imbalanced analysis, falling prey to a cluster of errors collectively known as "confirmation biases."

For example, nearly all companies include classic "tell me about yourself" job interviews as part of the hiring ____ and many rely on these interviews alone to evaluate applicants.

But it turns out that traditional interviews are actually one of ____ least useful tools for predicting an employee's future success.

This is because ____ often subconsciously make up their minds about interviewees based on their first few moments of interaction and spend the rest of the interview cherry-picking evidence and phrasing their questions to confirm that initial impression:

I see here you left a good position at your previous job. You must be pretty ambitious, right? versus "You ____ not have been very committed, huh?"

____ means that interviewers can be prone to ignoring significant information that would clearly indicate whether this candidate was actually the best person to hire.

More structured approaches, like obtaining samples of a candidate's work or asking ____ he would respond to difficult hypothetical situations, are dramatically better at assessing future success, with a nearly threefold advantage over traditional interviews.