2024년 6월 고2 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

____ collect stamps, coins, vintage cars even when they serve no practical purpose.

The post office doesn't ____ the old stamps, the banks don't take old coins, and the vintage cars are no longer allowed on the road.

These ____ all side issues; the attraction is that they are in short supply.

In one study, students were asked to arrange ten posters in order of attractiveness ― with the agreement that ____ they could keep one poster as a reward for their participation.

Five minutes later, they were told that the poster with the third highest ____ was no longer available.

____ they were asked to judge all ten from scratch.

The poster that was no longer available was suddenly classified ____ the most beautiful.

In psychology, this phenomenon is called reactance: when we are deprived of an option, we suddenly deem it ____ attractive.

If we've invested in something that hasn't repaid us ― ____ it money in a failing venture, or time in an unhappy relationship ― we find it very difficult to walk away.

This is ____ sunk cost fallacy.

Our instinct is to continue investing money or time as we hope that our investment will prove to ____ worthwhile in the end.

Giving up would mean acknowledging that we've wasted something we can't get back, and that ____ is so painful that we prefer to avoid it if we can.

____ problem, of course, is that if something really is a bad bet, then staying with it simply increases the amount we lose.

Rather than walk away from ____ bad five-year relationship, for example, we turn it into a bad 10-year relationship; rather than accept that we've lost a thousand dollars, we lay down another thousand and lose that too.

In the end, by delaying the pain of ____ our problem, we only add to it.

Sometimes we just have ____ cut our losses.

On our little world, light travels, for all ____ purposes, instantaneously.

If a ____ is glowing, then of course it's physically where we see it, shining away.

We reach out our hand and touch it: It's there all ____ and unpleasantly hot.

If the filament fails, then the ____ goes out.

We don't see it in the same place, glowing, illuminating the room years after the bulb ____ and it's removed from its socket.

The very ____ seems nonsensical.

But if we're far enough away, an entire sun can go out and we'll continue to see it shining brightly; we won't learn of its death, it may be, for ages to come ― in fact, ____ how long it takes light, which travels fast but not infinitely fast, to cross the intervening vastness.

The immense distances to the stars and the ____ mean that we see everything in space in the past.

Financial markets do more than take capital from the rich and lend ____ to everyone else.

They enable each of us to smooth consumption ____ our lifetimes, which is a fancy way of saying that we don't have to spend income at the same time we earn it.

Shakespeare may have admonished us to be neither borrowers nor lenders; the ____ is that most of us will be both at some point.

If we lived in an agrarian society, we would have to ____ our crops reasonably soon after the harvest or find some way to store them.

____ markets are a more sophisticated way of managing the harvest.

We can spend income now that we have not yet earned ― as by borrowing for college or a home ― or we can ____ income now and spend it later, as by saving for retirement.

The important point is that earning income has been divorced from spending it, ____ us much more flexibility in life.

As the old joke goes: "Software, free. User manual, ____

But it's no joke. A couple of high-profile companies make ____ living selling instruction and paid support for free software.

The copy of code, being mere ____ is free.

The lines of free code become ____ to you only through support and guidance.

A lot of medical and genetic information will go this route in the coming ____

Right now ____ a full copy of all your DNA is very expensive ($10,000), but soon it won't be.

The price is dropping so fast, it will be $100 soon, and then the next ____ insurance companies will offer to sequence you for free.

When a copy of your sequence costs nothing, the interpretation of what it means, what you can do about it, and how to use it ____ the manual for your genes ― will be expensive.

____ are expensive in terms of energy.

Twenty percent ____ the calories we consume are used to power the brain.

So brains try to operate in the most energy-efficient way ____ and that means processing only the minimum amount of information from our senses that we need to navigate the world.

Neuroscientists weren't the first to discover that fixing your ____ on something is no guarantee of seeing it.

Magicians figured ____ out long ago.

By directing your attention, they perform tricks with their ____ in full view.

Their actions should ____ away the game, but they can rest assured that your brain processes only small bits of the visual scene.

This all helps to explain the prevalence of traffic accidents in which drivers hit ____ in plain view, or collide with cars directly in front of them.

In many of these cases, the eyes are pointed in ____ right direction, but the brain isn't seeing what's really out there.

Buying ____ television is current consumption.

It makes us happy today but does nothing ____ make us richer tomorrow.

Yes, ____ spent on a television keeps workers employed at the television factory.

But if the same money were invested, it would create jobs somewhere else, say for scientists in a laboratory or workers on a construction site, while also making us richer in the ____ run.

____ about college as an example.

Sending students to college ____ jobs for professors.

Using the same money to buy fancy sports cars for high school graduates would create ____ for auto workers.

The crucial difference between these scenarios is that a college education makes a young person more productive for the rest of his or her ____ a sports car does not.

Thus, college tuition is an investment; ____ a sports car is consumption.

____ Net differs from most of the mass media it replaces in an obvious and very important way: it's bidirectional.

We can send messages through the network as well as receive them, which has made the system all the ____ useful.

The ability to exchange information online, to upload as well as ____ has turned the Net into a thoroughfare for business and commerce.

____ a few clicks, people can search virtual catalogues, place orders, track shipments, and update information in corporate databases.

But ____ Net doesn't just connect us with businesses; it connects us with one another.

____ a personal broadcasting medium as well as a commercial one.

Millions of people use it to distribute their own digital ____ in the form of blogs, videos, photos, songs, and podcasts, as well as to critique, edit, or otherwise modify the creations of others.

Imagine that seven out of ten working Americans got ____ tomorrow.

____ would they all do?

It's hard to believe you'd have an economy ____ all if you gave pink slips to more than half the labor force.

But that is what the industrial revolution did to the ____ of the early 19th century.

Two hundred years ago, 70 ____ of American workers lived on the farm.

Today automation has eliminated all but 1 percent of their jobs, replacing them with ____

But the displaced ____ did not sit idle.

____ automation created hundreds of millions of jobs in entirely new fields.

Those who once farmed were now manning the factories that manufactured farm ____ cars, and other industrial products.

Since then, ____ upon wave of new occupations have arrived ─ appliance repair person, food chemist, photographer, web designer ─ each building on previous automation.

Today, the vast majority of us are doing jobs ____ no farmer from the 1800s could have imagined.

Many things spark envy: ownership, ____ health, youth, talent, popularity, beauty.

____ is often confused with jealousy because the physical reactions are identical.

The difference: the subject of ____ is a thing (status, money, health etc.).

The subject ____ jealousy is the behaviour of a third person.

Envy needs two ____

Jealousy, on the ____ hand, requires three:

Peter is jealous of ____ because the beautiful girl next door rings him instead.

Paradoxically, with envy we direct resentments ____ those who are most similar to us in age, career and residence.

We don't envy ____ from the century before last.

We ____ envy millionaires on the other side of the globe.

As a writer, I don't envy musicians, ____ or dentists, but other writers.

As a CEO you envy other, bigger ____

As a supermodel ____ envy more successful supermodels.

Aristotle ____ this: 'Potters envy potters.'

Jealousy involves three parties, ____ on the actions of a third person, whereas envy involves two individuals whose personal circumstances are most alike, with one person resenting the other.

We have biases ____ support our biases!

If we're partial to one option ― perhaps because it's more memorable, or framed to minimize loss, or seemingly consistent with a promising pattern ― we tend to search for information that ____ justify choosing that option.

On the one hand, it's ____ to make choices that we can defend with data and a list of reasons.

On the other hand, if we're not careful, we're likely to conduct an ____ analysis, falling prey to a cluster of errors collectively known as "confirmation biases."

For example, nearly all companies include ____ "tell me about yourself" job interviews as part of the hiring process, and many rely on these interviews alone to evaluate applicants.

But it turns out that traditional interviews are actually one of the ____ useful tools for predicting an employee's future success.

____ is because interviewers often subconsciously make up their minds about interviewees based on their first few moments of interaction and spend the rest of the interview cherry-picking evidence and phrasing their questions to confirm that initial impression:

I see here you left a good position at your previous job. You must be pretty ambitious, right? versus "You must not have been very ____ huh?"

____ means that interviewers can be prone to ignoring significant information that would clearly indicate whether this candidate was actually the best person to hire.

More structured ____ like obtaining samples of a candidate's work or asking how he would respond to difficult hypothetical situations, are dramatically better at assessing future success, with a nearly threefold advantage over traditional interviews.