2025년 3월 고3 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

Life is insecure and human ____ is fragile.

If we are honest with ourselves, we realize that, despite our best efforts, we often ____ control the vicissitudes of human existence.

We go through life ____ fear and trembling, fearing what may happen, while hoping for the best.

Most of us ____ anxious in the face of an indeterminate or ambiguous situation.

____ don't handle uncertainty very well.

We are easily tempted to settle for quick "solutions," in order to eliminate our ____ and doubt, even though these quick fixes may not, in the long run, actually be adequate solutions.

It is natural, therefore, ____ even somewhat necessary, for us to seek stability in a sea of change and indeterminacy.

We want a fixed star to guide us on ____ journey through hazardous waters.

If only we could have knowledge of what is fixed, unchanging, and ultimately reliable, then, we assume, that would ____ knowledge most worth having.

In one of the most famous passages of Being and Nothingness, "The ____ Jean-Paul Sartre describes the peculiar vulnerability that develops when someone goes from seeing (being a self with a perspective on the world) to being seen (having to confront the perspective of another on one's self).

He illustrates it with the ____ of someone looking through a keyhole who suddenly finds himself caught by someone watching him.

The look of the other is always unnerving, Sartre argues, not only because we momentarily recognize ourselves in it through our imagination of their judgment of us but also ____ we don't.

We can always step back, challenge our perception ____ others' perceptions of ourselves, or explain them away ─ but we don't know what these perceptions really are.

Others have the distinctive power of making us feel judged in ways ____ cannot fully control.

Social life is all about the fear ____ accompanies our awareness that we can never access what the other sees.

We can ____ guess.

Perceived distance of objects that are far away from the observer is often assumed to be subject to some global limitation in the sense that the moon, the stars, and the sun ____ all perceived at the "sky": that is, at about the same distance.

This observation is related to the idea that visual space is not open but ends at visible surfaces or, indeed, the ____

Uexkull and Kriszat (1934) suggested that this ____ realized as a hard limit, which they call the "farthest plane."

If an observed person or object would walk beyond this farthest plane, it would no ____ be perceived as moving further away, but rather as shrinking in size.

This observation is actually quite common; if looking down from a high tower, for example, cars or even houses on the ground below may appear as if they were toys: that is, shrunk, presumably because they are perceived at the distance of the farthest plane while subtending a visual angle that corresponds to ____ larger distance.

The farthest plane ____ thus mark the limit of the perception of size constancy.

In both ____ arts and the sciences, an aesthetics of simplicity facilitates the precise communication of messages.

Both are also ____ systematic.

Although many people believe that art is by definition wild and intuitive, while only science is methodologically disciplined, there is a great deal of evidence ─ including from artists talking about their own practices ─ to suggest that art is often created methodically and systematically, and ____ frameworks and forms permit creativity to flow.

Instead of being liberating, freedom without limits is almost paralysing, because without frameworks we end up in a vacuum ____ which our actions generate no response.

As the Danish poet and filmmaker Jorgen Leth has put it many times, 'the rules of the game' are a prerequisite ____ artistic freedom.

They provide a solid form or structure that enables the artist to make use of 'the gifts of chance' (to use Leth's expression), and in ____ a part of the world can be exhibited in a non-chaotic manner.

In order to create ____ the artist must restrict himor herself.

Cultural storage and transmission require humans to accomplish the work of storing ____ and passing it on to the next generation by means other than DNA.

To that end, humans developed techniques of memorization, of transmitting knowledge through ____ and by using external memory devices.

The Chauvet cave was such a device, a place that humans returned to generation after generation, cooperating on ____ project that none of them could have accomplished alone.

Each generation ____ artists learned techniques and continued the work of previous ones, preserving and improving what their predecessors had worked on.

For us, the idea that humans might work on a single ____ of caves for thousands of years in the same style is almost unimaginable.

But these early humans were highly conscious of the importance of storing and ____ knowledge and of passing down ideas.

What would a language be like if it ____ make any simplifications or generalizations?

It would be a language in which ____ word was a proper noun.

Because you don't want to gloss over ____ differences between snakes that are slightly different in some respect, every snake must have its own name.

Furthermore, every event must have its own verb, because not every occasion of thinking or dancing or ____ is identical.

There might be some superintelligent race of beings that could know such a language, but they would ____ to know virtually everything in the world to learn all these names.

Human language has taken a different route ─ many fewer names, with a loss of precision, ____ a basic vocabulary that is readily acquired.

However, this fact is not ____ a compromise with our limited cognitive capacity.

By using the same word for ____ objects, we're communicating information about those things.

Calling two different-looking things "spider" communicates that they probably have ____ legs, weave nests, eat insects, and other noticeable details, which we would not know if we gave them all their own separate names.

Self-regulation has been suggested as an alternative way to hold the tech industry ____ account.

But when tech lobbyists speak of self-regulation, they are not describing it ____ it is understood by professionals like doctors.

Unlike in medicine, there are no mandatory ethical qualifications for ____ as a software engineer or technology executive.

There ____ no enforceable industry code of conduct.

There is no ____ certification.

There is no duty to put the public ahead of ____

There are few consequences for serious moral failings; no real fear of being ____ or struck off.

Recent years ____ seen an explosion of AI ethics charters and the like, filled with well-meaning generalities about the responsible use of powerful computers.

But ____ consequences for violating them, these charters are just toothless statements of aspiration.

The tech industry is basically ____ trust us.

But blind trust is not how we govern doctors, lawyers, bankers, ____ or anyone else in unelected positions of social responsibility.

Tech is the ____ and it's not clear why.

We experience emotions as different bodily sensations, such as a beating heart and sweaty palms; we recognize emotions ____ others by their facial expressions and behaviour.

One prominent idea is that we are born with a fixed set of basic emotions that ____ universal within our species, notably happiness, sadness, fear, surprise, disgust and anger.

Just as we attach the word gravity to our intuitive understanding about how objects move through space, we simply attach words to each of these innate and universal emotions once those words become ____

An alternative view is that we make sense of the sensations we feel and the facial expressions we see only when we attach words to them ____ we develop rather than inherit our emotional concepts.

Key evidence is that children are unable to ____ facial expressions as representing different emotions until they have acquired a lexicon of words for emotions.

Before having such words, faces that we ____ view as angry, sad or fearful are all categorised together as 'unpleasant'.

By acquiring the words for different types of emotions while experiencing sensations or ____ their expressions in others, we develop a set of concepts into which those feelings can be placed.

Everyone likes ____ think of themselves as behaving in an unbiased fashion most of the time.

We all view ourselves similar to the blindfolded statue of Lady Justice evaluating competing claims without bias, emotions, or ____

And yet, overwhelming ____ research suggests that such unbiased rationality is actually a fairly elusive quality in humans.

Much of the time people are on automatic ____

____ other words, individuals are acting without reflection more often than they are thinking carefully and deliberately.

The rest of the time, even as individuals are trying their best to think through ____ motivational goals may bias their thought processes and bias their reasoning.

Ziva Kunda, who coined ____ term "motivated reasoning" to describe this phenomenon, explained that although individuals try to make well-thought-out decisions, use available evidence, and look at both sides of an issue, the process is often tainted by motivations that may be unknown to them.

Individuals' motivations may direct them ____ attend more carefully to some information while ignoring other relevant facts.

Or ____ may use different strategies to evaluate information they prefer to be correct while at the same time being hypercritical of flaws in information they prefer to be wrong.

It may be assumed that meta-algorithmics, that is, ____ creation of algorithms that generate other algorithms, is a human creation as well.

A human programmer must have composed the first algorithm that, in turn, generates new algorithms and as such the initial programmer must be in control ____ the original idea.

However, this is ____ necessarily true.

Unlike humanly conceived ideas, where the author is the intellectual owner of the idea, algorithms are processes that define, describe, and implement a series of ____ that in turn produce other actions.

During the transfer of actions it ____ possible for a discrepancy to occur between the original intention and the actual result.

If that happens then, by definition, the author of the algorithm is not in control of, and ____ does not own intellectually from that point on, the resulting process.

Theoretically, ownership of an idea is intrinsically connected to the predictability of its outcome, that is, ____ its intellectual control.

Therefore, in the absence of ____ control the ownership of the algorithmic process must be instead credited to the device that produced it, that is, to the computer.

The new ____ of intellectual ownership is created by metaalgorithmics, as algorithms can produce outcomes that are unpredictable to human programmers, attributing potentially ownership to the computer itself.

____ a literary text is challenging, and it's often said there will be an inevitable loss in translation.

But that challenge frequently inspires creative re-renderings that offer the prospect of a ____ in translation as well.

A washingmachine manual doesn't present the same challenges, nor therefore does ____ inspire the same creativity either.

But where, in terms of the opposition between literary and nonliterary language, might we ____ philosophy's language?

Might philosophy want to avoid a translatory economy that aims for ____ gain in translation but risks a loss?

Philosophy wishes to convey its truths intact, without loss ─ and without gain either, or at least it might hesitate to offer its truths to translation without further ____ of what a gain, and indeed a gain in depth, actually means.

It ____ be a matter of offsetting "stylistic losses."

The loss philosophy fears is a loss of meaning, the ____ of a truth.

Thus, philosophy might prefer to be placed on the side of nonliterary ____ and express itself in unstylish language, like Badiou's mathematical writing, so that no translator is prompted to rude and bold acts of creative rewriting.

If philosophy wishes to increase its range and avoid being restricted to a ____ or regional tradition, it needs a translation model that conveys philosophical truths to the world without any "economic" fluctuations of loss and gain.