2025년 5월 고3 모의고사 변형 (18-30번)

To whom it may concern, The creation of an additional ____ road to address the traffic on worn-out Mahogany Road was quite pleasant news for our community.

I pen this letter ____ the hope that the relevant authorities will intervene in regard to an unresolved inconvenience.

I fully agree that the toll on Mahogany Road needed to be high in past years, because the road was a single one with lots of traffic and its miserable state required frequent ____

Yet, the road's drivers are still asked to pay $3 each time, and this price is similar to that of the newly built road, so the traffic jams don't ____ away as drivers flock to the new road.

For better distribution of traffic, I ____ there be a proper adjustment in price on Mahogany Road.

____ hope the new road can fulfill our needs well as planned.

____ welcome to the stage, Stacy Pan!"

My legs ____ as I step onto the stage to narrate a story I wrote.

The spotlight blinds me, and my ____ cries out.

Don't mess up. ____ hesitate. Just keep going.

I adjust the microphone, trying to ignore the fact that hundreds of people ____ watching me.

I begin, ____ straight into the story as I have practiced.

My voice shakes, and I focus on each word, ____ that one misstep will ruin everything.

The room is silent, but I keep going, word by ____

Finally, I approach the last line ____ deliver it without a single mistake.

There's a moment ____ silence before I realize I've finished.

I breathe out, all my ____ melting away.

My chest feels lighter as ____ step off the stage.

It's done, ____ I didn't fail.

It's not joy I ____ - just stillness and peace.

AI technology is powerful, and it is transformative, but the AI hype of recent years has contributed to a god ____ that positions technology leaders as voices of authority on the societal problems their creations have often caused.

____ to scientists and innovators is important.

But ____ who are profiting from AI hype are not experts on how that work should be judged.

Neither ____ distinguished computer scientists, no matter how gifted in their field, automatically understand the complex systems of power, money, and politics that will govern the use of their products in the future.

In fact, those already living at the frontline of AI-enabled worker surveillance, or trapped in a nightmare of AI decision-making, are far better qualified for ____

So it is critically important for the future of AI that a much wider group of people become involved ____ shaping its future.

Instead of continually turning to the architects of AI for predictions of the future ____ solutions to its ills, the introduction of AI into society requires a broader and more inclusive approach.

The early Earth collided with numerous other masses during its formation; indeed, the proto-Earth is thought ____ have sustained a massive impact with a Mars-sized body named 'Theia'.

The Moon probably formed from ____ collision about 100 million years after the formation of the solar system.

This impact is thought to have knocked the Earth off its 'daily' rotational axis so that the Earth now tilts about 23.4' away from its orbital axis around the Sun, although ____ is a slight 'wobble' of a few degrees.

This 23.4' tilt, as we orbit around the Sun, causes our yearly cycle ____ the seasons.

During part ____ the year, the northern hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun (summer) and the southern hemisphere is tilted away (winter).

Six ____ later, the situation is reversed.

Critically, the Moon's gravitational pull stabilizes the Earth's ____ tilt, moderating the degree of wobble.

This has produced a ____ stable climate on Earth for billions of years, and many believe that life on Earth would never have got started without this stabilization by the Moon.

To rephrase a ____ from the 1970s, we are all children of the Moon.

Whether ____ not an observation is evidence for a person depends crucially on what the person is bringing to the table in terms of background knowledge.

The physician sees the Koplik spots as Koplik spots ____ thereby gains evidence for her belief that the patient is coming down with the measles.

I, a nonexpert, see the same spots, but I ____ not see them as Koplik spots.

Thus, ____ are not evidence for me, because they don't provide me with good reasons for believing that I am confronted with a case of the measles.

Only observations that are seen as this or that can be ____ for (or against) some hypothesis.

Another way of ____ the same point is this:

During the processing of sensory stimuli, we bring ─ often automatically ─ ____ categories, background knowledge, and similar things, to bear.

Thus, categorized observations are ____ constitutes evidence.

Some might worry that we are overintellectualizing ____

However, it seems to us that in the empirical sciences, unconceptualized experiences ____ ever play a role as evidence.

Some multinational IT companies, which generate revenue ____ digital advertising and data collection, have been accused of exploiting loopholes in international tax regimes to shift profits to low-tax territories.

This practice, known as profit shifting, allows corporations to pay minimal taxes in the countries ____ they operate, depriving governments of critical revenue.

In response, several countries have attempted to impose digital services taxes on tech giants, but these efforts have been met with fierce ____

Corporations argue that such taxes unfairly target their business models, while governments contend that they are ____ to level the playing field and ensure that corporations contribute their fair share to the public good.

These disputes over taxation illustrate the broader challenge that governments face in regulating multinational ____

Meanwhile, ____ regulatory frameworks, designed for nation-bound businesses, are often ill-equipped to address the complexities of global operations.

As a result, corporations are frequently able to ____ or undermine regulations, operating in a legal gray area where national laws cannot easily reach them.

Time denial, rooted in a ____ human combination of pride and existential dread, is perhaps the most common and forgivable form of what might be called chronophobia.

But there are ____ more toxic varieties that work together with the less harmful kind to create a prevalent, stubborn, and dangerous temporal illiteracy in our society.

We in the twenty-first century would be shocked if an educated adult were unable to identify the continents on a world map, yet we are quite comfortable ____ widespread ignorance about anything but the most superficial highlights from the planet's long history: perhaps the Bering Strait, dinosaurs, or Pangaea.

Most humans have no sense of temporal proportion ─ the durations of the great chapters in Earth's history, the rates of change during previous intervals of environmental instability, ____ intrinsic timescales of "natural capital" like groundwater systems.

As ____ species, we have a childlike disinterest and partial disbelief in the time before our appearance on Earth.

With no appetite for stories lacking humans, many people simply can't be bothered with ____ history.

Mexican poet and diplomat Octavio Paz was one of the chief literary figures of the ____ century.

He was ____ in Mexico City to a Spanish mother and a Mexican father in 1914.

He came into early contact with literature ____ to his grandfather's extensive library.

After attending a Roman ____ school he went to the University of Mexico.

While at university he published his first book of poetry, Forest Moon, in ____

On a visit to Spain in 1937, he wrote Beneath Your Clear Shadow and Other Poems, which ____ him to be a poet of great promise.

From 1962 until 1968, Paz served as Mexico's ____ to India, although he continued writing poetry as well.

After his resignation, he taught briefly at Cambridge University in England and at Harvard ____ in the United States.

In ____ Paz won the Nobel Prize for Literature, becoming the first Mexican writer to do so.

Working with neuroscientists who use ____ to understand how the human brain works, anthropologist Simon Cohn has shown the extent to which scientists need to develop personal, even intimate, relationships with their subjects in order to secure their cooperation.

Only by enlisting subjects in a social relationship, even ____ briefly, do the researchers feel they can depend on the subjects to follow directions to the best of their ability.

Strapped down uncomfortably ____ a dark, noisy scanner, subjects must nonetheless pay attention and follow directions in order to produce data the researchers can use.

Before the subjects ever enter the scanner, researchers provide them with reassurance and sympathy and share personal ____ creating a subjective alliance between researcher and subject.

Although these tactics might influence the ____ subjective experiences revealed in the scanner, they are carefully eliminated from the experimental reports so that only the signals from subjects' brains in response to stimuli in the scanner come to light.

Because we are attuned to the world by being-in-a-mood, the world is ____ to us through our moods but it also influences these moods.

This is ____ to the claim that mood is 'scaffolded' by the environment, where an interaction with the environment is necessary for the creation of affective states.

In one type of affective scaffolding, one can 'experientially incorporate parts of the world' in ____ sense that when one undergoes certain moods, one experiences certain aspects of the world as part of oneself.

In this case, the way that the world appears is directly ____ upon the way we are attuned to it through mood.

To give an example 'when I am melancholic it is not just that I feel as though the world ____ grey.

Rather, ____ I am melancholic the world is grey.'

Such a state ____ the absence of a distinction between what is out there and what is in here.

The ____ between ourselves and the external world seem to disappear such that the mood one is in determines which features of the environment will matter and in what way.