2024년 6월 고3 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

When trying to establish what is meant by digital preservation, the first question that must be addressed is: what are you actually trying ____ preserve?

This is clear in the analog environment where the information content ____ inextricably fixed to the physical medium.

In the digital environment, the ____ is not part of the message.

A bit stream ____ the same to a computer regardless of the media it is read from.

A physical carrier is necessary, but as long as ____ source media can be read, bit-perfect copies can be made cheaply and easily on other devices, making the preservation of the original carrier of diminishing importance.

As the physical media that carry digital information are quite delicate relative to most analog media, it is ____ that digital information will necessarily need to be migrated from one physical carrier to another as part of the ongoing preservation process.

It is not the media itself but the information on the media that needs to be ____

____ is commonly defined as the production of ideas that are both novel (original, new) and useful (appropriate, feasible).

Ideas that are original but ____ useful are irrelevant, and ideas that are useful but not original are unremarkable.

While this definition is widely used in research, an important aspect of creativity is ____ ignored: Generating creative ideas rarely is the final goal.

Rather, to successfully solve problems or innovate requires one or a few good ideas that really work, and work better than ____ approaches.

This requires that people evaluate the products of their own or each other's imagination, and choose those ideas that seem promising enough to develop further, and abandon those that are unlikely to be ____

Thus, being creative does not stop with idea ____

____ fact, the ability to generate creative ideas is essentially useless if these ideas subsequently die a silent death.

Because the environment plays a ____ role in aiding meaningful internal processes, subjective experience and the environment act as a 'coupled system.'

____ coupled system can be seen as a complete cognitive system of its own.

In this manner, subjective experience is extended into the external environment and vice versa; the external ____ with its disciplinary objects such as institutional laws and equipment becomes mental institutions that affect our subjective experience and solutions.

____ subjectively held belief attains the status of objectivity when the belief is socially shared.

That is, even if we are trained as hard-nosed health care rationalists, or ____ bureaucrats, or data-driven scientists, research has shown that our decisions are influenced by various institutional practices.

They include bureaucratic structures and procedures, the architectural design of health care institutions, the rules of evidence and the structure of allowable ____ in a courtroom trial, the spatial arrangement of kindergartens and supermarkets, and a variety of conventions and practices designed to manipulate our emotions.

Any attempt to model musical behavior or ____ in a general way is filled with difficulties.

____ regard to models of perception, the question arises of whose perception we are trying to model ― even if we confine ourselves to a particular culture and historical environment.

Surely the perception of music varies greatly between listeners of different ____ of training; indeed, a large part of music education is devoted to developing and enriching (and therefore likely changing) these listening processes.

While this may be true, I am concerned here with fairly basic aspects of perception ― particularly meter and key ― which I ____ are relatively consistent across listeners.

Anecdotal evidence suggests, for example, that most people are able to ''find ____ beat'' in a typical folk song or classical piece.

This is not to say that there is complete uniformity in this regard ― there may be occasional disagreements, even among experts, as to how we hear ____ tonality or meter of a piece.

____ I believe the commonalities between us far outweigh the differences.

Avian song learning occurs ____ two stages: first, songs must be memorized and, second, they must be practiced.

In some species these two events overlap, but in others memorization can occur before practice by several months, providing an impressive ____ of long-term memory storage.

The young bird's initial efforts to reproduce the memorized song are usually ____ successful.

These early songs may have uneven pitch, irregular tempo, and notes ____ are out of order or poorly reproduced.

However, sound graphs of songs recorded over ____ weeks or months reveal that during this practice period the bird fine-tunes his efforts until he produces an accurate copy of the memorized template.

This process requires hearing oneself sing; birds are unable to reproduce memorized songs if they are deafened after ____ but before the practice period.

Wildfire is a natural phenomenon ____ many Australian environments.

The intentional setting of fire to manage the landscape was practised by Aboriginal people ____ millennia.

However, the pattern of burning that stockmen introduced was unlike ____ regimes.

When conditions allowed, they would set fire to the landscape as they moved their animals out for the ____

This functioned to clear woody vegetation and ____ stimulated new plant growth in the following spring.

The young shoots were a ready food source for their animals when they ____

However, the ____ also tended to reinforce the scrubby growth it was intended to control.

Although ____ were the first kinds of plants to recolonize the burnt areas they were soon succeeded by further woody plants and shrubs.

About the only strategy ____ prevent such regrowth was further burning ― essentially using fire to control the consequences of using fire.

There are a number of human resource management practices that are necessary to support organizational ____

For example, performance evaluation and reward systems that reinforce long-term performance and the development and sharing of new skills ____ knowledge are particularly important.

In addition, the human resource development function may be dramatically ____ to keep the emphasis on continuous learning.

In a learning organization, every employee must take the ____ for acquiring and transferring knowledge.

Formal training programs, developed in advance and delivered according to a preset schedule, are insufficient to address shifting training needs and encourage timely ____ sharing.

Rather, human resource development professionals must become ____ facilitators.

____ role should be to assist, consult, and advise teams on how best to approach learning.

They must be able to develop ____ mechanisms for cross-training peers ― team members ― and new systems for capturing and sharing information.

To do ____ human resource development professionals must be able to think systematically and understand how to promote learning within groups and across the organization.

Environmental ____ based directly on measured emissions can, in principle, be very precisely targeted to the policy's environmental objectives.

If a firm pollutes more, it pays ____ tax directly in proportion to the rise in emissions.

____ polluter thus has an incentive to reduce emissions in any manner that is less costly per unit of abatement than the tax on each unit of residual emissions.

____ great attraction of basing the tax directly on measured emissions is that the actions the polluter can take to reduce tax liability are actions that also reduce emissions.

Continuous emissions measurement can be costly, particularly where there are many separate sources of emissions, ____ for many pollution problems this may be a major disincentive to direct taxation of emissions.

Nevertheless, the technologies available for monitoring the concentrations and ____ of particular substances in waste discharges have been developing rapidly.

In the future, it may ____ possible to think of taxing measured emissions in a wider range of applications.

There are interesting trade-offs in the relative importance of subject matter (i.e., ____ and style (i.e., background).

In highly representational paintings, plays, or stories, the focus is ____ subject matter that resembles everyday life and the role of background style is to facilitate the construction of mental models.

Feelings of pleasure and uncertainty carry the viewer along to ____ conclusion of the piece.

In highly expressionist works, novel stylistic devices work in an inharmonious manner ____ the subject matter thereby creating a disquieting atmosphere.

Thus, when the work is less "readable" (or ____ interpreted), its departure from conventional forms reminds the viewer or reader that an "aesthetic attitude" is needed to appreciate the whole episode.

____ active involvement provides a basis for depth of aesthetic processing and reflection on the meaning of the work.

An ability to switch between the "pragmatic attitude" of everyday life and ____ "aesthetic attitude" is fundamental to a balanced life.

There is a tendency, once the dust of an emergency has settled down, to seek the reduction of famine vulnerability primarily in enhanced ____ growth, or the revival of the rural economy, or the diversification of economic activities.

The potential contribution of greater economic ____ if it involves vulnerable groups, cannot be denied.

At the same time, it is important to recognize that, no matter how fast they grow, countries where a large part of the population derive their livelihood from uncertain sources cannot hope to prevent ____ without specialized entitlement protection mechanisms involving direct public intervention.

Rapid growth of the economy in ____ or of the agricultural sector in Kenya, or of food production in Zimbabwe, explains at best only a small part of their success in preventing recurrent threats of famine.

The real achievements of these countries lie in having ____ direct public support to their populations in times of crisis.

Although economic growth can be somewhat fruitful in diminishing a country's risk of famine, direct approaches to helping the affected people play a critical role ____ this process.

If we understand critical thinking as: 'the identification and evaluation of evidence to guide decision-making', then ethical thinking is about identifying ethical issues and evaluating these issues from different perspectives to ____ how to respond.

This form of ethics is distinct from higher ____ of conceptual ethics or theory.

The nature of an ethical issue or problem from this perspective is that there is no clear right or wrong ____

It is ____ essential that students learn to think through ethical issues rather than follow a prescribed set of ethical codes or rules.

There is ____ need to encourage recognition that, although being ethical is defined as acting 'in accordance with the principles of conduct that are considered correct', these principles vary both between and within individuals.

What a person values relates ____ their social, religious, or civic beliefs influenced by their formal and informal learning experiences.

Individual perspectives may also be context dependent, meaning ____ under different circumstances, at a different time, when they are feeling a different way, the same individual may make different choices.

Therefore, in order to analyse ethical ____ and think ethically it is necessary to understand the personal factors that influence your own 'code of behaviour' and how these may vary, alongside recognizing and accepting that the factors that drive other people's codes and decision making may be different.