2025년 3월 고3 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

Life is insecure and human well-being ____ fragile.

If we are honest with ourselves, we realize that, despite our best ____ we often cannot control the vicissitudes of human existence.

We go through life in fear and trembling, fearing what ____ happen, while hoping for the best.

____ of us get anxious in the face of an indeterminate or ambiguous situation.

____ don't handle uncertainty very well.

We are ____ tempted to settle for quick "solutions," in order to eliminate our anxiety and doubt, even though these quick fixes may not, in the long run, actually be adequate solutions.

It is natural, therefore, and even somewhat necessary, for us to seek stability in a sea of change and ____

We want a fixed star to ____ us on our journey through hazardous waters.

If only we could have knowledge of what is fixed, unchanging, and ultimately reliable, then, we assume, that ____ be knowledge most worth having.

In one of the most famous passages of Being and Nothingness, "The Look," Jean-Paul Sartre describes the peculiar vulnerability that develops when someone goes from ____ (being a self with a perspective on the world) to being seen (having to confront the perspective of another on one's self).

He illustrates it with the example of ____ looking through a keyhole who suddenly finds himself caught by someone watching him.

The look of the other is always unnerving, Sartre argues, not only because we momentarily recognize ourselves in it through our imagination of their judgment of us but also ____ we don't.

We can always step back, challenge our perception of others' perceptions of ourselves, or explain them away ─ but we ____ know what these perceptions really are.

Others ____ the distinctive power of making us feel judged in ways we cannot fully control.

Social life is all about the fear that accompanies ____ awareness that we can never access what the other sees.

We can only ____

Perceived distance of objects that are far ____ from the observer is often assumed to be subject to some global limitation in the sense that the moon, the stars, and the sun are all perceived at the "sky": that is, at about the same distance.

This observation is related to ____ idea that visual space is not open but ends at visible surfaces or, indeed, the sky.

Uexkull and ____ (1934) suggested that this is realized as a hard limit, which they call the "farthest plane."

If an observed person or object would walk beyond this farthest plane, it would no longer be perceived as moving ____ away, but rather as shrinking in size.

This observation is actually quite common; if looking down from a high tower, for example, cars or even houses on the ground below may appear as if they were toys: that is, shrunk, presumably because they are perceived at the distance of ____ farthest plane while subtending a visual angle that corresponds to a larger distance.

The farthest plane would thus mark ____ limit of the perception of size constancy.

In both the ____ and the sciences, an aesthetics of simplicity facilitates the precise communication of messages.

Both are also ____ systematic.

Although many people believe that art is by definition wild and intuitive, while only science is methodologically disciplined, ____ is a great deal of evidence ─ including from artists talking about their own practices ─ to suggest that art is often created methodically and systematically, and that frameworks and forms permit creativity to flow.

Instead of being liberating, freedom without limits is almost paralysing, because without frameworks we end up in a vacuum in which our ____ generate no response.

As ____ Danish poet and filmmaker Jorgen Leth has put it many times, 'the rules of the game' are a prerequisite for artistic freedom.

They provide a solid form or structure that enables the artist to make use of 'the gifts of ____ (to use Leth's expression), and in which a part of the world can be exhibited in a non-chaotic manner.

In order to create beauty, the artist ____ restrict himor herself.

Cultural ____ and transmission require humans to accomplish the work of storing knowledge and passing it on to the next generation by means other than DNA.

To ____ end, humans developed techniques of memorization, of transmitting knowledge through education and by using external memory devices.

The Chauvet cave was such a device, a place that humans returned to generation ____ generation, cooperating on a project that none of them could have accomplished alone.

Each generation of ____ learned techniques and continued the work of previous ones, preserving and improving what their predecessors had worked on.

For us, the idea that humans might work on ____ single system of caves for thousands of years in the same style is almost unimaginable.

But these early humans were highly ____ of the importance of storing and preserving knowledge and of passing down ideas.

What would a language be like if it ____ make any simplifications or generalizations?

It would be a language in which every word was ____ proper noun.

Because you don't want to gloss over the differences between snakes that are slightly different in some respect, every snake must have its ____ name.

Furthermore, every event must have its own verb, because not every occasion of thinking or dancing or ____ is identical.

There might be some superintelligent race of beings that could know such a language, but they would have to know virtually everything in the world to learn ____ these names.

Human language has taken a different route ─ many fewer ____ with a loss of precision, but a basic vocabulary that is readily acquired.

However, this fact is not simply a compromise with our limited ____ capacity.

By using the same ____ for different objects, we're communicating information about those things.

Calling two different-looking things "spider" communicates that they probably have eight legs, weave nests, eat insects, and other noticeable details, which we would not know if we gave them all their own separate ____

Self-regulation has been suggested as an alternative way to ____ the tech industry to account.

But when tech lobbyists speak ____ self-regulation, they are not describing it as it is understood by professionals like doctors.

Unlike ____ medicine, there are no mandatory ethical qualifications for working as a software engineer or technology executive.

There is no enforceable ____ code of conduct.

____ is no obligatory certification.

____ is no duty to put the public ahead of profit.

There are few consequences for serious moral failings; no real fear of being ____ or struck off.

Recent years have seen an explosion of AI ethics charters and the like, filled with well-meaning generalities about ____ responsible use of powerful computers.

But without consequences for violating them, these charters are ____ toothless statements of aspiration.

The tech industry is ____ saying: trust us.

But blind trust is not how we ____ doctors, lawyers, bankers, pilots or anyone else in unelected positions of social responsibility.

Tech is the exception, and it's not clear ____

____ experience emotions as different bodily sensations, such as a beating heart and sweaty palms; we recognize emotions in others by their facial expressions and behaviour.

One prominent idea is that we are born with a fixed set of basic emotions that ____ universal within our species, notably happiness, sadness, fear, surprise, disgust and anger.

Just as we attach the word gravity to our intuitive understanding ____ how objects move through space, we simply attach words to each of these innate and universal emotions once those words become available.

An alternative view is that we make sense of the sensations we feel and the facial expressions we see only when we attach words to them ─ we develop rather than ____ our emotional concepts.

Key evidence is that children are unable ____ categorise facial expressions as representing different emotions until they have acquired a lexicon of words for emotions.

Before having such words, faces that we might view as angry, sad or fearful are ____ categorised together as 'unpleasant'.

By acquiring the words for different types of emotions while experiencing sensations or observing their ____ in others, we develop a set of concepts into which those feelings can be placed.

Everyone likes to think of themselves as behaving in an unbiased fashion most of the ____

We all view ourselves ____ to the blindfolded statue of Lady Justice evaluating competing claims without bias, emotions, or motivations.

And yet, overwhelming psychological research suggests that such unbiased rationality is actually a fairly elusive quality ____ humans.

Much of the ____ people are on automatic pilot.

In other words, individuals are acting without reflection more often than ____ are thinking carefully and deliberately.

The rest of the time, even as individuals are trying their best to think through issues, motivational goals may bias their thought processes and bias ____ reasoning.

Ziva Kunda, who coined the term "motivated reasoning" to describe this phenomenon, explained that although individuals try to make well-thought-out decisions, use available evidence, and look at both sides of an issue, the process is often tainted by motivations that may be unknown ____ them.

Individuals' motivations may direct them ____ attend more carefully to some information while ignoring other relevant facts.

Or they may use different strategies to evaluate information they prefer to be correct while at the same time being ____ of flaws in information they prefer to be wrong.

It may be assumed that meta-algorithmics, that is, the creation of algorithms that generate ____ algorithms, is a human creation as well.

A human programmer must have composed the first algorithm that, in turn, generates new algorithms and as such the initial programmer must be in ____ of the original idea.

However, ____ is not necessarily true.

Unlike humanly conceived ideas, where the author is the intellectual owner ____ the idea, algorithms are processes that define, describe, and implement a series of actions that in turn produce other actions.

During the transfer of actions it is possible for ____ discrepancy to occur between the original intention and the actual result.

If that happens then, by definition, the author of the ____ is not in control of, and therefore does not own intellectually from that point on, the resulting process.

Theoretically, ownership of an idea is intrinsically connected to the predictability of its outcome, that is, to its ____ control.

Therefore, ____ the absence of human control the ownership of the algorithmic process must be instead credited to the device that produced it, that is, to the computer.

The new notion of intellectual ownership is created by metaalgorithmics, as algorithms can produce outcomes that ____ unpredictable to human programmers, attributing potentially ownership to the computer itself.

Translating a literary text is challenging, and it's often said there will ____ an inevitable loss in translation.

But that challenge frequently inspires creative re-renderings that offer the prospect of ____ gain in translation as well.

A washingmachine manual doesn't present the same challenges, nor therefore does ____ inspire the same creativity either.

But where, in ____ of the opposition between literary and nonliterary language, might we position philosophy's language?

Might philosophy want to avoid a ____ economy that aims for a gain in translation but risks a loss?

Philosophy wishes to convey its truths intact, without loss ─ and without gain either, or at least ____ might hesitate to offer its truths to translation without further clarification of what a gain, and indeed a gain in depth, actually means.

It cannot be a matter of offsetting "stylistic ____

The ____ philosophy fears is a loss of meaning, the compromising of a truth.

Thus, philosophy might prefer to be placed on the side of nonliterary language, and express itself in unstylish language, like Badiou's mathematical writing, so that no translator is prompted to rude and bold acts of creative ____

If philosophy wishes to increase its range and avoid being restricted to a national or regional tradition, it needs a translation model that conveys philosophical truths to the world without any "economic" fluctuations of loss and ____