2025년 3월 고3 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

Life is ____ and human well-being is fragile.

If we are honest with ____, we realize that, despite our best efforts, we often cannot control the vicissitudes of human existence.

We go through life in fear and trembling, fearing what may happen, ____ hoping for the best.

Most of us get anxious in the ____ of an indeterminate or ambiguous situation.

We don't handle uncertainty ____ well.

We are easily tempted to settle for quick "solutions," in ____ to eliminate our anxiety and doubt, even though these quick fixes may not, in the long run, actually be adequate solutions.

It is natural, therefore, and ____ somewhat necessary, for us to seek stability in a sea of change and indeterminacy.

We want a fixed ____ to guide us on our journey through hazardous waters.

If only we could have knowledge of what is fixed, unchanging, and ultimately reliable, ____, we assume, that would be knowledge most worth having.

In one of the most famous passages of Being and Nothingness, "The Look," Jean-Paul Sartre describes the peculiar vulnerability that develops when ____ goes from seeing (being a self with a perspective on the world) to being seen (having to confront the perspective of another on one's self).

He ____ it with the example of someone looking through a keyhole who suddenly finds himself caught by someone watching him.

The look of the other is always unnerving, Sartre argues, not only because we momentarily recognize ____ in it through our imagination of their judgment of us but also because we don't.

We can always step back, challenge our perception of others' perceptions of ourselves, or explain them away ─ but we don't know what these ____ really are.

Others have the distinctive power of making us feel judged in ways we cannot ____ control.

Social life is all about the fear that accompanies our ____ that we can never access what the other sees.

We can ____ guess.

Perceived distance of objects that are far away from the observer is often assumed to be subject to some global limitation in the sense that the moon, the stars, and the sun are all ____ at the "sky": that is, at about the same distance.

This observation is related to the idea that visual ____ is not open but ends at visible surfaces or, indeed, the sky.

Uexkull and Kriszat (1934) suggested that this is ____ as a hard limit, which they call the "farthest plane."

If an observed person or object would walk beyond this farthest plane, it would no longer be perceived as moving further away, but ____ as shrinking in size.

This observation is actually quite common; if looking down ____ a high tower, for example, cars or even houses on the ground below may appear as if they were toys: that is, shrunk, presumably because they are perceived at the distance of the farthest plane while subtending a visual angle that corresponds to a larger distance.

The ____ plane would thus mark the limit of the perception of size constancy.

In both the arts and the sciences, an aesthetics of simplicity facilitates the precise ____ of messages.

Both are also fairly ____.

Although many people believe that art is by definition wild and intuitive, while only science is methodologically disciplined, there is a ____ deal of evidence ─ including from artists talking about their own practices ─ to suggest that art is often created methodically and systematically, and that frameworks and forms permit creativity to flow.

Instead of being liberating, freedom without limits is almost paralysing, because without frameworks we end up in a vacuum in which our actions ____ no response.

As the Danish poet and filmmaker Jorgen Leth ____ put it many times, 'the rules of the game' are a prerequisite for artistic freedom.

They provide a solid form or structure that enables the artist to make use of 'the gifts of chance' (to use Leth's expression), and in which a part of the world can be exhibited in a non-chaotic ____.

In order to create beauty, the artist ____ restrict himor herself.

Cultural storage and transmission require humans to accomplish the work of storing ____ and passing it on to the next generation by means other than DNA.

To that end, ____ developed techniques of memorization, of transmitting knowledge through education and by using external memory devices.

The Chauvet cave was such a device, a place that humans returned to generation after generation, cooperating on a ____ that none of them could have accomplished alone.

Each generation of artists learned techniques and continued the work of previous ones, preserving and improving what their predecessors had ____ on.

For us, the idea that humans ____ work on a single system of caves for thousands of years in the same style is almost unimaginable.

But these early humans were highly ____ of the importance of storing and preserving knowledge and of passing down ideas.

What ____ a language be like if it didn't make any simplifications or generalizations?

It would be a language in which every ____ was a proper noun.

Because you don't want to gloss over the ____ between snakes that are slightly different in some respect, every snake must have its own name.

Furthermore, every event must have its own verb, because not every occasion of thinking or ____ or talking is identical.

There might be some superintelligent race of beings that could know such a ____, but they would have to know virtually everything in the world to learn all these names.

Human language has taken a different ____ ─ many fewer names, with a loss of precision, but a basic vocabulary that is readily acquired.

However, this fact is not simply a ____ with our limited cognitive capacity.

By using the same word for different ____, we're communicating information about those things.

Calling two different-looking things "spider" communicates that they probably have eight ____, weave nests, eat insects, and other noticeable details, which we would not know if we gave them all their own separate names.

Self-regulation has been suggested as an alternative way to ____ the tech industry to account.

But when tech lobbyists speak of self-regulation, they are not describing it as it is understood by professionals like ____.

Unlike in medicine, there are no mandatory ethical qualifications for working as a software engineer or technology ____.

There is no enforceable industry code of ____.

There is no obligatory ____.

There is no duty to put the public ____ of profit.

____ are few consequences for serious moral failings; no real fear of being suspended or struck off.

Recent ____ have seen an explosion of AI ethics charters and the like, filled with well-meaning generalities about the responsible use of powerful computers.

But without consequences for violating them, these charters are just toothless ____ of aspiration.

The tech industry is basically ____: trust us.

But blind trust is not how we ____ doctors, lawyers, bankers, pilots or anyone else in unelected positions of social responsibility.

____ is the exception, and it's not clear why.

We experience emotions as different bodily sensations, such as a beating heart and sweaty palms; we recognize ____ in others by their facial expressions and behaviour.

One prominent idea is that we are born with a fixed set of basic emotions that are universal within our species, ____ happiness, sadness, fear, surprise, disgust and anger.

Just as we attach the word ____ to our intuitive understanding about how objects move through space, we simply attach words to each of these innate and universal emotions once those words become available.

An alternative view is that we make sense of the sensations we ____ and the facial expressions we see only when we attach words to them ─ we develop rather than inherit our emotional concepts.

Key evidence is that children are unable to categorise facial expressions as representing different emotions until they have ____ a lexicon of words for emotions.

Before ____ such words, faces that we might view as angry, sad or fearful are all categorised together as 'unpleasant'.

By acquiring the words for different types of emotions while experiencing sensations or observing their expressions in others, we develop a set of concepts into which those ____ can be placed.

Everyone likes to think of themselves as behaving in an unbiased fashion most of the ____.

We all view ourselves similar to the blindfolded statue of Lady Justice evaluating competing claims without ____, emotions, or motivations.

And yet, overwhelming psychological research suggests that such unbiased ____ is actually a fairly elusive quality in humans.

Much of the ____ people are on automatic pilot.

In other words, individuals are acting without reflection more often ____ they are thinking carefully and deliberately.

The rest of the time, even as individuals are trying their best to think ____ issues, motivational goals may bias their thought processes and bias their reasoning.

Ziva Kunda, who coined the term "motivated reasoning" to describe this phenomenon, explained that ____ individuals try to make well-thought-out decisions, use available evidence, and look at both sides of an issue, the process is often tainted by motivations that may be unknown to them.

Individuals' motivations may direct them to attend ____ carefully to some information while ignoring other relevant facts.

Or they may use different strategies to evaluate information they prefer to be correct ____ at the same time being hypercritical of flaws in information they prefer to be wrong.

It may be assumed that meta-algorithmics, that is, the creation of algorithms that generate other ____, is a human creation as well.

A human programmer must have composed the first algorithm that, in turn, generates ____ algorithms and as such the initial programmer must be in control of the original idea.

____, this is not necessarily true.

Unlike humanly conceived ideas, where the ____ is the intellectual owner of the idea, algorithms are processes that define, describe, and implement a series of actions that in turn produce other actions.

During the transfer of actions it is possible for a discrepancy to occur between the original ____ and the actual result.

If that happens then, by ____, the author of the algorithm is not in control of, and therefore does not own intellectually from that point on, the resulting process.

Theoretically, ownership of an idea is intrinsically connected to the ____ of its outcome, that is, to its intellectual control.

Therefore, in the absence of human control the ownership of the algorithmic process must be instead ____ to the device that produced it, that is, to the computer.

The new notion of intellectual ownership is created by metaalgorithmics, as algorithms can produce outcomes that are unpredictable to human programmers, attributing ____ ownership to the computer itself.

Translating a literary text is challenging, and ____ often said there will be an inevitable loss in translation.

But that challenge frequently inspires creative re-renderings that offer the ____ of a gain in translation as well.

A washingmachine manual doesn't present the ____ challenges, nor therefore does it inspire the same creativity either.

But where, in terms of the opposition between literary and nonliterary language, might we position ____ language?

____ philosophy want to avoid a translatory economy that aims for a gain in translation but risks a loss?

Philosophy wishes to ____ its truths intact, without loss ─ and without gain either, or at least it might hesitate to offer its truths to translation without further clarification of what a gain, and indeed a gain in depth, actually means.

It cannot be a ____ of offsetting "stylistic losses."

The loss philosophy fears is a loss of meaning, the ____ of a truth.

Thus, philosophy might prefer to be placed on the side of nonliterary language, and express ____ in unstylish language, like Badiou's mathematical writing, so that no translator is prompted to rude and bold acts of creative rewriting.

If philosophy wishes to increase its range and avoid being restricted to a national or regional tradition, it needs a ____ model that conveys philosophical truths to the world without any "economic" fluctuations of loss and gain.