2025년 3월 고3 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

Life is insecure and human well-being is ____.

If we are honest with ourselves, we realize that, despite our best efforts, we often cannot ____ the vicissitudes of human existence.

We go through life in fear and trembling, fearing what may ____, while hoping for the best.

____ of us get anxious in the face of an indeterminate or ambiguous situation.

We don't handle uncertainty ____ well.

We are easily tempted to settle for ____ "solutions," in order to eliminate our anxiety and doubt, even though these quick fixes may not, in the long run, actually be adequate solutions.

It is natural, therefore, and even somewhat necessary, for us to seek stability in a ____ of change and indeterminacy.

We ____ a fixed star to guide us on our journey through hazardous waters.

If only we could have knowledge of what is ____, unchanging, and ultimately reliable, then, we assume, that would be knowledge most worth having.

In one of the most famous passages of Being and Nothingness, "The ____," Jean-Paul Sartre describes the peculiar vulnerability that develops when someone goes from seeing (being a self with a perspective on the world) to being seen (having to confront the perspective of another on one's self).

He illustrates it with the example of someone looking through a keyhole who suddenly finds himself caught by someone watching ____.

The look of the other is always unnerving, Sartre argues, not only because we momentarily recognize ourselves in it through our imagination of their judgment of us but ____ because we don't.

We can always step back, challenge our perception of others' perceptions of ourselves, or explain them away ─ but we don't ____ what these perceptions really are.

Others have the distinctive power of making us feel judged in ways we cannot ____ control.

Social life is all about the fear that accompanies our awareness that we can never access what the other ____.

We can only ____.

Perceived ____ of objects that are far away from the observer is often assumed to be subject to some global limitation in the sense that the moon, the stars, and the sun are all perceived at the "sky": that is, at about the same distance.

This observation is related to the idea that ____ space is not open but ends at visible surfaces or, indeed, the sky.

Uexkull and Kriszat (1934) suggested that this is realized as a hard limit, which they call the "farthest ____."

If an observed person or object would ____ beyond this farthest plane, it would no longer be perceived as moving further away, but rather as shrinking in size.

This observation is actually quite common; if looking down from a high tower, for example, cars or even houses on the ground below may appear as if they were toys: that is, shrunk, presumably because they are ____ at the distance of the farthest plane while subtending a visual angle that corresponds to a larger distance.

The ____ plane would thus mark the limit of the perception of size constancy.

In both the arts and the sciences, an aesthetics of ____ facilitates the precise communication of messages.

Both are ____ fairly systematic.

Although many people believe that art is by definition wild and intuitive, while only science is methodologically disciplined, there is a great deal of evidence ─ including from artists ____ about their own practices ─ to suggest that art is often created methodically and systematically, and that frameworks and forms permit creativity to flow.

Instead of being liberating, freedom without limits is almost paralysing, because without frameworks we end up in a vacuum in which our ____ generate no response.

As the ____ poet and filmmaker Jorgen Leth has put it many times, 'the rules of the game' are a prerequisite for artistic freedom.

They provide a ____ form or structure that enables the artist to make use of 'the gifts of chance' (to use Leth's expression), and in which a part of the world can be exhibited in a non-chaotic manner.

In order to create beauty, the artist must restrict ____ herself.

Cultural storage and transmission require humans to accomplish the work of storing knowledge and passing it on to the next generation by means other ____ DNA.

To that end, humans developed techniques of memorization, of transmitting ____ through education and by using external memory devices.

The Chauvet cave was such a device, a place that humans returned to generation after generation, cooperating on a project that none of them could ____ accomplished alone.

Each generation of artists learned techniques and continued the work of previous ones, preserving and improving ____ their predecessors had worked on.

For us, the idea that humans might work on a single system of caves for ____ of years in the same style is almost unimaginable.

But these early humans were highly conscious of the importance of storing and preserving knowledge and of ____ down ideas.

What would a language be like if it ____ make any simplifications or generalizations?

It ____ be a language in which every word was a proper noun.

Because you don't want to gloss over the differences between snakes that are slightly different in some ____, every snake must have its own name.

Furthermore, every event must have its ____ verb, because not every occasion of thinking or dancing or talking is identical.

There might be ____ superintelligent race of beings that could know such a language, but they would have to know virtually everything in the world to learn all these names.

Human language has taken a different route ─ many fewer names, with a loss of ____, but a basic vocabulary that is readily acquired.

However, this fact is ____ simply a compromise with our limited cognitive capacity.

By using the same word for different objects, we're communicating information ____ those things.

Calling two different-looking things "spider" communicates that they probably have eight legs, weave ____, eat insects, and other noticeable details, which we would not know if we gave them all their own separate names.

____ has been suggested as an alternative way to hold the tech industry to account.

But when tech ____ speak of self-regulation, they are not describing it as it is understood by professionals like doctors.

Unlike in medicine, there are no mandatory ethical qualifications for working as a software engineer or ____ executive.

There is no enforceable industry code of ____.

There is no obligatory ____.

____ is no duty to put the public ahead of profit.

There are few consequences for serious moral failings; no real fear of being ____ or struck off.

Recent years have seen an explosion of AI ethics charters and the like, filled with well-meaning ____ about the responsible use of powerful computers.

But without ____ for violating them, these charters are just toothless statements of aspiration.

The ____ industry is basically saying: trust us.

But blind trust is not how we govern ____, lawyers, bankers, pilots or anyone else in unelected positions of social responsibility.

Tech is the exception, and it's ____ clear why.

We experience emotions as different bodily sensations, such as a ____ heart and sweaty palms; we recognize emotions in others by their facial expressions and behaviour.

One prominent idea is that we are ____ with a fixed set of basic emotions that are universal within our species, notably happiness, sadness, fear, surprise, disgust and anger.

Just as we attach the word gravity to our intuitive understanding about how objects move through space, we simply attach words to each of these innate and universal emotions once ____ words become available.

An alternative view is that we make sense of the sensations we feel and the ____ expressions we see only when we attach words to them ─ we develop rather than inherit our emotional concepts.

Key evidence is that children are unable to categorise facial expressions as representing different ____ until they have acquired a lexicon of words for emotions.

Before having such words, faces that we might view as ____, sad or fearful are all categorised together as 'unpleasant'.

By acquiring the words for ____ types of emotions while experiencing sensations or observing their expressions in others, we develop a set of concepts into which those feelings can be placed.

Everyone likes to think of themselves as behaving in an unbiased ____ most of the time.

We ____ view ourselves similar to the blindfolded statue of Lady Justice evaluating competing claims without bias, emotions, or motivations.

And yet, ____ psychological research suggests that such unbiased rationality is actually a fairly elusive quality in humans.

Much of the time ____ are on automatic pilot.

In other words, individuals are acting without reflection more often ____ they are thinking carefully and deliberately.

The rest of the time, even as individuals are trying their best to think through issues, ____ goals may bias their thought processes and bias their reasoning.

Ziva Kunda, who coined the term "____ reasoning" to describe this phenomenon, explained that although individuals try to make well-thought-out decisions, use available evidence, and look at both sides of an issue, the process is often tainted by motivations that may be unknown to them.

Individuals' motivations may direct them to attend more carefully to some information while ____ other relevant facts.

Or they may use different strategies to evaluate information they prefer to be correct while at the ____ time being hypercritical of flaws in information they prefer to be wrong.

It may be assumed that meta-algorithmics, that is, the creation of algorithms that generate ____ algorithms, is a human creation as well.

A human programmer must ____ composed the first algorithm that, in turn, generates new algorithms and as such the initial programmer must be in control of the original idea.

However, this is not ____ true.

Unlike humanly conceived ideas, where the author is the intellectual owner of the idea, algorithms are processes that define, describe, and implement a series of actions that in turn ____ other actions.

During the transfer of actions it is possible for a discrepancy to occur ____ the original intention and the actual result.

If that happens then, by definition, the author of the algorithm is not in ____ of, and therefore does not own intellectually from that point on, the resulting process.

Theoretically, ownership of an idea is intrinsically connected to the ____ of its outcome, that is, to its intellectual control.

Therefore, in the ____ of human control the ownership of the algorithmic process must be instead credited to the device that produced it, that is, to the computer.

The new ____ of intellectual ownership is created by metaalgorithmics, as algorithms can produce outcomes that are unpredictable to human programmers, attributing potentially ownership to the computer itself.

Translating a literary ____ is challenging, and it's often said there will be an inevitable loss in translation.

But that challenge frequently inspires creative re-renderings that offer the ____ of a gain in translation as well.

A washingmachine manual doesn't present the same challenges, nor therefore ____ it inspire the same creativity either.

But where, in terms of the opposition between literary and nonliterary language, ____ we position philosophy's language?

Might philosophy want to ____ a translatory economy that aims for a gain in translation but risks a loss?

Philosophy wishes to convey its truths intact, without loss ─ and without gain either, or at least it might hesitate to offer its truths to translation ____ further clarification of what a gain, and indeed a gain in depth, actually means.

It ____ be a matter of offsetting "stylistic losses."

The loss philosophy ____ is a loss of meaning, the compromising of a truth.

Thus, philosophy might prefer to be placed on the side of nonliterary ____, and express itself in unstylish language, like Badiou's mathematical writing, so that no translator is prompted to rude and bold acts of creative rewriting.

If philosophy wishes to increase its range and avoid being restricted to a national or regional tradition, it needs a translation model that conveys philosophical truths to the world without any "____" fluctuations of loss and gain.