2025년 10월 고3 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

____ a general rule, when the individuals of a population encounter a new environmental stress, some individuals in the population will die prematurely and some individuals will survive.

If the reason for their survival (such as a slightly enhanced ability or trait) ____ be passed on to their offspring (that is, it's genetically encoded), then the next generation should be better able to withstand the newly encountered environmental stress, and the population overall will be less susceptible to it.

Therefore, the key to the ____ of a population to survive by adaptation lies in the rapidity with which the next generation, the more resistant generation, is produced by the survivors of this generation.

It follows that those species capable of producing a new generation very quickly should be better able to respond to a ____ very quickly.

Those ____ that require more time for reproduction will be slower to adapt to the stress because of the additional time needed for them to produce stress-tolerant offspring.

The digital age has brought remarkable ____ in communication.

A message that might have taken ____ to deliver by mail can now be sent in seconds.

Yet, in ____ shift toward efficiency, we've lost something essential: the richness of face-to-face interaction.

Think about it — when you communicate through a text or email, you're missing out on nonverbal cues like facial expressions, tone of voice, and ____ language.

These elements carry ____ weight, helping us to interpret meaning and intent.

Without them, our understanding of ____ emotions is often incomplete, leading to confusion and frustration.

Take, for instance, a short reply to an ____ "Okay."

Depending on the ____ the sender's intention might be neutral, annoyed, or even sarcastic.

____ without vocal inflections or facial expressions to guide us, we are left guessing.

This is why digital communication requires heightened emotional awareness — not only to express ourselves effectively ____ also to decode the emotions behind the words we receive.

Our epistemic relation to self-determination ____ open to error and, thus, subjective.

Turning oneself into an agent of a particular kind by conceiving of oneself as that type of agent does not suffice to make it the case that one ____ is that type of agent.

Just imagine someone who believes himself to be a ____ born tango dancer.

He has watched many videos about tango ____ and practices dancing by himself for many years.

Having prepared himself for a glorious entrance on the international scene, he travels to Buenos Aires and ____ up at Maldita Milonga to show his skills.

Unbeknownst to him, though, his dancing ____ dancing it be) does not even remotely resemble tango, and nothing he does on stage can be recognized as tango dancing.

Hence, ____ he conceived of himself as a tango dancer and did many things in light of that self-conception, including buying a ticket to Buenos Aires, dressing up, consuming hours of tango videos, reading books about tango, learning Spanish, etc. he failed at meeting some of the minimal norms of actually being a tango dancer at all.

What makes social attention distinct, and more far­reaching than many ____ forms of social connection, is that it can live outside of the actual relationships we have.

You can't have a relationship with a celebrity unless ____ know him and he knows you.

But a celebrity can be ____ object of your social attention.

And this ____ of one­sided social attention isn't something trivial or secondary, but an enormous part of our lives.

In tenth grade, you can spend most of your waking hours daydreaming about a high school senior you have ____ crush on.

As ____ adult, you might find yourself having imaginary arguments in your head with a certain media personality.

Think for a moment of the pantheon of strangers we have in our heads that we put our social attention on — from athletes we root for ____ jeer, to celebrities, to people whose struggle we encounter in the news.

An enormous part of our social attention falls upon ____ who do not know us at all.

We often use the word ignorance to denote ____ primitive or foolish set of beliefs.

In fact, I would say that "explanation" is often primitive or foolish, and the recognition of ignorance ____ the beginning of scientific discourse.

When we admit that something is unknown ____ inexplicable, then we admit also that it is worthy of investigation.

David Helfand, the astronomer, traces how our view of the wind evolved from the primitive to the scientific: first "the wind is angry," followed by "the wind god is angry," and finally "the wind ____ a measurable form of energy."

The first two statements provide a complete explanation but are clearly ignorant; the third ____ our ignorance (we can't predict or alter the weather yet) but is surely less ignorant.

Explanation rather than ____ is the hallmark of intellectual narrowness.

Some propositions about lotteries are extremely likely to ____ true.

Consider the proposition 'any given ticket in a ____ ticket lottery is a losing ticket'.

Despite being overwhelmingly likely to be true, many philosophers think that such propositions, based on probabilities ____ are different from other propositions we regularly rely upon.

It's been popular to suppose, for instance, that we don't ____ that we have lost the lottery just by reflecting on how unlikely winning is.

This is puzzling, ____ there are many things we take ourselves to know even though we presumably have more than a one­-in-­ten-­million chance of being wrong.

For example, you might know you will ____ a meeting later, even though occasionally meetings get cancelled unexpectedly — and surely more frequently than one­-in-­ten-­million meetings!

If we want to avoid conceding that the scope of our knowledge is much more limited than usually supposed, there must be some difference between the ____ evidence we have about the lottery and evidence for regular things that we do know.

In everyday life, most people think that media effects are things that show up during a media exposure ____ immediately afterward.

Of course some effects do show up immediately, but other effects may ____ a long time to manifest themselves.

Let's say you see ____ ad for a product on a website and you click on a buy now button to buy that product.

This is an example of ____ media message triggering an immediate effect — a buying behavior — on you.

But let's say you did not click on the buy now button to buy the product; does this mean there was no ____ effect?

____ but also perhaps not.

If you continually expose yourself to ____ in the media, you may gradually over time come to believe that you have more needs than you really have and that all of those needs can be easily satisfied by buying particular products.

This is a long-term ____ on what you believe; it cannot be attributed to any one media exposure but instead gradually builds up in a steady drip-drip-drip manner over time.

Since its invention at the end of the nineteenth century, the ____ remained a machine that had to be controlled by a human driver.

Without human control of steering wheel, gas pedal and brakes none of the billions of ____ could have been traversed by the billions of cars in the world: A car always needed the driving skills of a human to fulfill its function.

Without a driver, it would have been only an immobile artifact, left to stand still in ____ parking lot.

In the early years ____ motoring, this necessity of a human driver was not seen as a barrier.

Manual driving promised to fulfill the human dream of ____ mobility and freedom, of self-guidance, of autonomy.

But with the emerging mass automobility in the first decades of the twentieth century, the negative ____ of human agency behind the steering wheel — accidents for example — became a serious topic of concern.

It is no surprise that the fantasy of a self-driving car, a car that can navigate without a human driver, can be dated to ____ period.

That the brain had limitations on the amount of information processing it could handle ____ not news to psychologists.

Indeed, about 15 years earlier, Miller showed ____ with his famous paper on the limited capacity of short-term memory.

What was novel was the connection between categorization and stereotyping, and that categorization was an inevitable aspect of ____ cognition.

At any given second, there are hundreds, even thousands, of different stimuli that can be perceived in our immediate ____

If ____ had to constantly think carefully about every one of those stimuli (or even a small subset thereof), in order to understand its nature and function, we would never get anything done!

Instead, ____ learn about different stimuli, and tend to group them in terms of common features, attributes, or functions.

This categorization process then ____ so well practiced as to become automatic, and it frees up our consciousness to attend to things that are novel in our environment, or to our current task.

Thus, categorization helps ____ reduce the complexity of the stimuli in our social environment.

Cinema and ____ share the same subjects and audience.

Rather than an abstract desire for truth as a value in ____ the law deals with the messiness of human relations.

Both disciplines struggle with what it means to be human and try ____ communicate to us something about our existence; both are human artifacts directed at man.

Indeed, foundational to law is its anxiety about human nature: man desires freedom but is simultaneously too violent to ____ in a state of nature without a regime of commands and prohibitions.

However, there is ____ an important difference here that makes a study of the interaction between cinema and law interesting: while cinema expresses man's affective life, the law keeps it in check.

It tries to ensure that we are not overwhelmed and destroyed ____ our desires and drives.

The law obsessively tries to suppress affects, fearing the horror ____ their consequences, whereas cinema introduces us to our affects, often forcing us to identify the most unbearable ones in ourselves.

Cinema and law are both human creations that explore humanity, yet they differ in how they handle emotion — cinema ____ us confront it, and law imposes limits on it.

Few pick up a novel and criticize it because the situations it describes and the people it contains never existed ____ real life.

Perhaps even when we should criticize fiction for giving us inaccurate or biased ____ of the state of the world, it generally escapes our scorn.

It's ____ fiction, we say. But of course fiction is more than just something made up.

____ it were only that, we would not bother engaging with it, and it would not occupy such a large part of our lives.

Humans are drawn to fiction, to invented stories, in a ____ unique among animals.

If we think about this, it may seem odd — why should we be interested in reading or watching on screen a story that never happened, and in many ____ that could never happen, the travails of people who never existed and could never exist?

Why do we enjoy this? What do ____ get out of it?

We're not learning anything about the world, we're not gaining any kind of useful experience that will help us navigate our lives more effectively, ____ not learning any new skill or developing any new material.

Most of us of course will argue that there is a great deal ____ value in engaging with fiction and other kinds of art, even though these things may teach us nothing about the world or generate art-independent skills.

After all, we spend significant amounts of our time engaging with such ____

It is no surprise that ____ television and sports, video games, novels, and the like, are billion-dollar industries.