2023년 3월 고1 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

People differ in how quickly they can reset their biological clocks to overcome ____ lag, and the speed of recovery depends on the direction of travel.

Generally, it’s ____ to fly westward and lengthen your day than it is to fly eastward and shorten it.

This ____ difference in jet lag is sizable enough to have an impact on the performance of sports teams.

Studies have found that teams flying westward perform significantly ____ than teams flying eastward in professional baseball and college football.

A more recent study of more than 46,000 Major ____ Baseball games found additional evidence that eastward travel is tougher than westward travel.

If you want the confidence that comes from achieving what ____ set out to do each day, then it’s important to understand how long things are going to take.

Overoptimism about what can be ____ within a certain time frame is a problem.

So work on it. Make a practice of estimating the amount of time needed alongside items on your ‘____ to do’ list, and learn by experience when tasks take a greater or lesser time than expected.

Give attention also to fitting the task to the ____ time.

There are some tasks that you can only set about if you have a significant amount of time ____.

There is no point in trying to gear up for such a ____ when you only have a short period available.

So schedule the time you need for the longer tasks and ____ the short tasks into the spare moments in between.

In Lewis Carroll’s Through the LookingGlass, the Red Queen ____ Alice on a race through the countryside.

They run and they run, but then Alice discovers that they’re still under the same tree that they started ____.

The Red Queen ____ to Alice: “here, you see, it takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place.”

Biologists sometimes use this Red Queen Effect to explain an ____ principle.

If foxes evolve to run faster so they can catch more rabbits, then only the fastest rabbits will live long enough to make a new generation of bunnies that run even faster, — in which case, of course, only the fastest foxes will catch enough rabbits to ____ and pass on their genes.

Even though they might run, the two species just ____ in place.

Everything in the world around us was finished in the ____ of its creator before it was started.

The houses we live in, the cars we drive, and our clothing, - ____ of these began with an idea.

Each idea was then studied, refined and perfected before the first nail was driven or the first piece of ____ was cut.

Long before the idea was turned into a physical ____, the mind had clearly pictured the finished product.

The human being designs his or her own future through much the same ____.

We ____ with an idea about how the future will be.

Over a ____ of time we refine and perfect the vision.

Before ____, our every thought, decision and activity are all working in harmony to bring into existence what we have mentally concluded about the future.

Whose story it is affects ____ the story is.

Change the main character, and the ____ of the story must also change.

If we look at the events through ____ character’s eyes, we will interpret them differently.

We’ll place our ____ with someone new.

When the conflict ____ that is the heart of the story, we will be praying for a different outcome.

Consider, for example, ____ the tale of Cinderella would shift if told from the viewpoint of an evil stepsister.

Gone with the Wind is Scarlett O’Hara’s story, but what if we were shown the ____ events from the viewpoint of Rhett Butler or Melanie Wilkes?

In the ____ Stone Age, small bands of 20 to 60 people wandered from place to place in search of food.

Once people began farming, they could settle down near their ____.

As a result, towns and ____ grew larger.

Living in communities allowed ____ to organize themselves more efficiently.

They could divide up the work of producing ____ and other things they needed.

While some workers grew crops, others built new ____ and made tools.

Village dwellers also ____ to work together to do a task faster.

For example, ____ could share the work of making stone axes and knives.

By working together, they could make ____ tools in the same amount of time.

Natural processes form minerals in ____ ways.

For example, hot melted rock material, called magma, cools when it reaches the Earth’s ____, or even if it’s trapped below the surface.

As magma cools, ____ atoms lose heat energy, move closer together, and begin to combine into compounds.

During this ____, atoms of the different compounds arrange themselves into orderly, repeating patterns.

The type and amount of elements ____ in a magma partly determine which minerals will form.

Also, the size of the crystals that form depends partly on how rapidly the ____ cools.

When magma cools slowly, the ____ that form are generally large enough to see with the unaided eye.

This is ____ the atoms have enough time to move together and form into larger crystals.

When magma cools rapidly, the crystals that form ____ be small.

In such cases, you can’t easily ____ individual mineral crystals.

All carbohydrates are basically ____.

Complex carbohydrates are the ____ carbohydrates for your body.

These complex sugar compounds are very difficult to break down and can trap other nutrients like vitamins and ____ in their chains.

As they ____ break down, the other nutrients are also released into your body, and can provide you with fuel for a number of hours.

Bad carbohydrates, on the other hand, are simple ____.

____ their structure is not complex, they are easy to break down and hold few nutrients for your body other than the sugars from which they are made.

Your body ____ down these carbohydrates rather quickly and what it cannot use is converted to fat and stored in the body.

People commonly make the mistaken assumption that because a person has one type of characteristic, ____ they automatically have other characteristics which go with it.

In one study, university ____ were given descriptions of a guest lecturer before he spoke to the group.

Half the ____ received a description containing the word ‘warm’, the other half were told the speaker was ‘cold’.

The guest lecturer then led a discussion, after ____ the students were asked to give their impressions of him.

As expected, there were large differences between the ____ formed by the students, depending upon their original information of the lecturer.

It was also found that those ____ who expected the lecturer to be warm tended to interact with him more.

This shows that different expectations not only affect the impressions we form but also our behaviour and the relationship ____ is formed.

To help decide ____ risky and what’s safe, who’s trustworthy and who’s not, we look for social evidence.

From an evolutionary view, ____ the group is almost always positive for our prospects of survival.

“If everyone’s doing it, it must be a sensible thing to do,” explains famous psychologist and ____ selling writer of Influence, Robert Cialdini.

While we can frequently see this today in product reviews, ____ subtler cues within the environment can signal trustworthiness.

Consider this: when you visit a local restaurant, are they ____?

Is there a line outside or is it ____ to find a seat?

It is a ____ to wait, but a line can be a powerful cue that the food’s tasty, and these seats are in demand.

More often than not, ____ good to adopt the practices of those around you.

We tend to feel safe and secure in numbers when we decide how to ____, particularly when faced with uncertain conditions.

____ masters shown a chess board in the middle of a game for 5 seconds with 20 to 30 pieces still in play can immediately reproduce the position of the pieces from memory.

____, of course, are able to place only a few.

Now take the same pieces and place them on the board randomly and the difference is ____ reduced.

The expert’s advantage is ____ for familiar patterns, — those previously stored in memory.

Faced with ____ patterns, even when it involves the same familiar domain, the expert’s advantage disappears.

The beneficial effects of familiar structure on ____ have been observed for many types of expertise, including music.

People with musical training can reproduce short sequences of musical notation more accurately than those with no musical training when notes follow conventional ____, but the advantage is much reduced when the notes are ordered randomly.

Expertise also improves memory for ____ of movements.

Experienced ballet dancers are able to repeat ____ sequences of steps than less experienced dancers, and they can repeat a sequence of steps making up a routine better than steps ordered randomly.

In each case, memory range is ____ by the ability to recognize familiar sequences and patterns.