2024년 10월 고2 모의고사 변형 (31-42번)

One factor that may hinder creativity is unawareness of the resources required in each ____ in students' learning.

____ students are unable to identify the resources they need to perform the task required of them.

Different resources may be compulsory for ____ learning tasks, and recognizing them may simplify the activity's performance.

For example, it may be ____ students desire to conduct some experiments in their projects.

There must ____ a prior investigation of whether the students will have access to the laboratory, equipment, and chemicals required for the experiment.

It ____ preparation is vital for the students to succeed, and it may be about human and financial resources such as laboratory technicians, money to purchase chemicals, and equipment for their learning where applicable.

Even if ____ of the resources required for a task may not be available, identifying them in advance may help students' creativity.

It may even lead to changing the topic, finding alternative resources, and other ____

All translators feel ____ pressure from the community of readers for whom they are doing their work.

And ____ translators arrive at their interpretations in dialogue with other people.

The English poet Alexander Pope had pretty good Greek, ____ when he set about translating Homer's Iliad in the early 18th century he was not on his own.

He had Greek commentaries to refer to, and translations that had already been done in English, Latin, and French ─ and of course he ____ dictionaries.

Translators always draw on ____ than one source text.

Even when the scene of translation consists of just one person with a pen, paper, and the book that ____ being translated, or even when it is just one person translating orally for another, that person's linguistic knowledge arises from lots of other texts and other conversations.

And then his or her idea of the translation's purpose ____ be influenced by the expectations of the person or people it is for.

____ both these senses every translation is a crowd translation.

Some people argue that there is a single, logically consistent concept known as reading ____ can be neatly set apart from everything else people do with books.

Is reading really that ____

The most productive way to think about reading ____ as a loosely related set of behaviors that belong together owing to family resemblances, as Ludwig Wittgenstein used the phrase, without having in common a single defining trait.

Consequently, efforts to distinguish reading ____ nonreading are destined to fail because there is no agreement on what qualifies as reading in the first place.

The more one tries to ____ out where the border lies between reading and not-reading, the more edge cases will be found to stretch the term's flexible boundaries.

Thus, it is worth attempting to collect together these exceptional forms of reading into a single forum, one highlighting the challenges faced by ____ wishing to establish the boundaries where reading begins and ends.

The attempt moves toward an understanding ____ reading as a spectrum that is expansive enough to accommodate the distinct reading activities.

Weber's law concerns the ____ of difference between two stimuli.

It suggests that we might not be able to detect a 1-mm difference when we are looking at lines 466 mm and ____ mm in length, but we may be able to detect a 1-mm difference when we are comparing a line 2 mm long with one 3 mm long.

Another example of this principle is that we can detect 1 candle when it ____ lit in an otherwise dark room.

But when ____ candle is lit in a room in which 100 candles are already burning, we may not notice the light from this candle.

Therefore, the ____ difference (JND) varies as a function of the strength of the signals.

For example, the ____ is greater for very loud noises than it is for much more quiet sounds.

When a sound is ____ weak, we can tell that another sound is louder, even if it is barely louder.

When a sound is very loud, to tell that another sound is ____ louder, it has to be much louder.

Thus, ____ law means that it is harder to distinguish between two samples when those samples are larger or stronger levels of the stimuli.

Any new resource (e.g., ____ new airport, a new mall) always opens with people benefiting individually by sharing a common resource (e.g., the city or state budget).

Soon, at some point, the amount of traffic grows too ____ for the "commons" to support.

Traffic jams, overcrowding, and overuse ____ the benefits of the common resource for everyone ─ the tragedy of the commons!

If the new resource cannot be expanded or provided ____ additional space, it becomes a problem, and you cannot solve the problem on your own, in isolation from your fellow drivers or walkers or competing users.

The total activity on this new resource keeps increasing, and so does individual activity; but if the dynamic of common use and overuse continues too long, ____ begin to fall after a peak, leading to a crash.

What makes the "tragedy of commons" tragic ____ the crash dynamic ─ the destruction or degeneration of the common resource's ability to regenerate itself.

Theoretically, our brain would have the capacity ____ store all experiences throughout life, reaching the quality of a DVD.

However, this theoretical capacity is offset by ____ energy demand associated with the process of storing and retrieving information in memory.

As ____ result, the brain develops efficient strategies, becoming dependent on shortcuts.

When we observe a face, the visual image captured ____ the eyes is highly variable, depending on the point of view, lighting conditions and other contextual factors.

Nevertheless, we are able to ____ the face as the same, maintaining the underlying identity.

The brain, rather than focusing on the details of visualization, creates and stores general patterns that allow for consistent recognition ____ diverse circumstances.

This ability to match what ____ see with general visual memory patterns serves as an effective mechanism for optimizing brain performance and saving energy.

The brain, being naturally against unnecessary effort, constantly seeks to ____ and generalize information to facilitate the cognitive process.

Where ____ research is concerned, explanatory tales are expected to adhere closely to experimental data and to illuminate the regular and predictable features of experience.

However, this paradigm sometimes conceals the fact that theories are deeply loaded with creative elements that shape the construction of research projects ____ the interpretations of evidence.

Scientific explanations do ____ just relate a chronology of facts.

They construct frameworks for systematically chosen data in order to provide a consistent and meaningful explanation ____ what is observed.

Such constructions lead us to imagine specific ____ of subject matter in particular sorts of relations, and the storylines they inspire will prove more effective for analyzing some features of experience over others.

When we neglect the creative contributions of such scientific imagination and treat models and interpretive explanations as ____ facts ─ even worse, as facts including all of reality ─ we can blind ourselves to the limitations of a given model and fail to note its potential for misunderstanding a situation to which it ill applies.

____ encounter contrary claims about the relation of literature to action.

Theorists have maintained that literature encourages solitary reading and reflection as the way to engage with ____ world and thus counters the social and political activities that might produce social change.

____ best it encourages detachment or appreciation of complexity, and at worst passivity and acceptance of what is.

But ____ the other hand, literature has historically been seen as dangerous: it promotes the questioning of authority and social arrangements.

Plato banned poets from his ideal republic because they could only do harm, and novels have long been credited with making people dissatisfied with ____ lives and eager for something new.

By promoting identification across divisions of class, gender, and race, books may promote a fellowship that discourages ____ but they may also produce a keen sense of injustice that makes progressive struggles possible.

Historically, works of literature ____ credited with producing change: Uncle Tom's Cabin, a best-seller in its day, helped create a revulsion against slavery that made possible the American Civil War.

According to Hobbes, ____ is not a being who can act morally in spite of his instinct to protect his existence in the state of nature.

Hence, the only place ____ morality and moral liberty will begin to find an application begins in a place where a sovereign power, namely the state, emerges.

Hobbes thus describes the state of nature as a circumstance in which man's life is ____ poor, nasty, brutish and short".

It means when people ____ without a general power to control them all, they are indeed in a state of war.

In other words, Hobbes, who accepted that human beings are not social and political beings in the state of nature, believes that without the power human ____ in the state of nature are "antisocial and rational based on their selfishness".

Moreover, since society is not a natural phenomenon and there is no natural force bringing people together, what will bring ____ together as a society is not mutual affection according to Hobbes.

It is, rather, mutual ____ of men's present and future that assembles them, since the cause of fear is a common drive among people in the state of nature.

There is research ____ supports the idea that cognitive factors influence the phenomenology of the perceived world.

Delk and Fillenbaum asked participants ____ match the color of figures with the color of their background.

Some of the figures depicted objects ____ with a particular color.

These included typically red ____ such as an apple, lips, and a symbolic heart.

Other objects were presented that are not usually associated with red, such as a mushroom or a ____

However, all the figures ____ made out of the same red-orange cardboard.

Participants then had to match the figure to ____ background varying from dark to light red.

They had to make the background color match the ____ of the figures.

The researchers found that red-associated objects required more red in the background to be judged a match than did the objects that ____ not associated with the color red.

This implies that the cognitive association of objects to color influences how ____ perceive that color.

In one study, participants chose greater redness ____ asked to match the color of objects that are usually red to a background with the same color, which showed that their knowledge about the colors of objects influenced their perceptual judgment.

In each round ____ genome copying in our body, there is still about a 70 percent chance that at least one pair of chromosomes will have an error.

With each ____ of genome copying, errors accumulate.

This is similar ____ alterations in medieval books.

Each time a copy was made by hand, some changes were introduced accidentally; as changes stacked up, the copies may have acquired meanings at variance ____ the original.

Similarly, genomes that have ____ more copying processes will have gathered more mistakes.

To make things worse, mutations may damage genes responsible for error checking and repair of genomes, further accelerating the introduction ____ mutations.

Most genome mutations do not have ____ noticeable effects.

It is just like changing the ____ for a y in "kingdom" would not distort the word's readability.

But sometimes a mutation to a human gene results in, ____ example, an eye whose iris is of two different colors.

Similarly, almost everyone has birthmarks, which are due to mutations that occurred as our body's cells ____ to form skin.

If mutations are changes to ____ genome of one particular cell, how can a patch of cells in an iris or a whole patch of skin, consisting of many individual cells, be affected simultaneously?

The answer lies in the cell lineage, the developmental history of a tissue from particular cells ____ to their fully differentiated state.

If the mutation occurred early on in the lineage of the developing iris, then all cells in that ____ have inherited that change.