2024년 10월 고2 모의고사 변형 (18-30번)

Dear Executive Manager ____, It is a week before the internship program starts.

I am writing to bring your attention to a matter that requires immediate consideration ____ the issue my department has.

As the coordinator, it is becoming apparent to me that the budget, ____ approved by your department, needs some adjustments in order to meet the emerging modifications.

Since my department has hired three more interns than planned initially, the most expensive need is for additional funding to cover their wages, training costs, and ____.

I kindly request an ____ budget allocation for these expenses.

Please refer to the ____ for details.

Thank you for your ____.

Katie approached the hotel front desk to check-in but an unexpected event ____.

The ____ couldn't find her reservation under the name 'Katie'.

"I'm ____, but I can't seem to locate a reservation under that name," the receptionist said.

"No way, I definitely ____ a reservation on the phone," Katie said, puzzled.

The receptionist asked, "____ you tell me your phone number?" and Katie told it to him, thinking 'What happened? Did I make a mistake?'

"Just a ____," the receptionist said, typing deliberately on the keyboard.

"I ____ it! It seems there was a small misspelling. Your reservation is under 'K-A-T-Y'," the receptionist explained.

With a sense of ease, Katie ____ her reservation appearing on the screen.

With her heart slowing to a ____ rhythm, she proceeded with her check-in, thinking that a simple misspelling might have ruined her plans.

To be mathematically literate means to be able to ____ critically about societal issues on which mathematics has bearing so as to make informed decisions about how to solve these problems.

Dealing with such complex problems through interdisciplinary approaches, mirroring real-world problems requires innovative ways of planning and organizing ____ teaching methods.

Navigating our world means being able to quantify, measure, estimate, classify, compare, find patterns, conjecture, justify, ____, and generalize within critical thinking and when using critical thinking.

Therefore, making decisions, even qualitatively, is not possible ____ using mathematics and critical thinking.

Thus, teaching mathematics should be done in interaction with critical thinking along with a decision-making ____.

They can be developed ____ the mathematical context, so that there is no excuse to not explicitly support students to develop them.

Imagine that your usually stingy friend delights in buying you a Christmas present after ____ a generosity booster.

How would you feel? ____, there is something praiseworthy about the action.

You'd be ____ to receive the gift.

____ say 'thank you', and mean it.

But his ____ of heart is not entirely satisfying.

According to Zagzebski, an American philosopher, he is ____ really generous.

When we praise ____ character, we use words for various virtues: 'generous', 'kind', 'courageous', etc.

A person who gives ____ gift isn't generous.

Instead, generosity is a stable part of a person's 'moral identity', an emotional ____ that is part of who you are.

Thus virtues, as ____ to nontypical impulse, are the result of your personal history.

They are part of who you are, as they are ____ of how your character was formed.

Instant virtue is ____ impossible.

Popping a pill cannot ____ you a better person.

To determine the mass of my bowling ball, I might put it onto a balance and compare it with a known mass, ____ as a number of metal cubes each weighing 1, 10, or 100 grams.

Things get much more complicated if I ____ to know the mass of a distant star.

How do I ____ it?

We can roughly say that measuring the ____ of a star involves various theories.

If we want to measure the ____ of a binary star, we first determine a center of mass between the two stars, then their distance from that center which we can then use, together with a value for the period and a certain instance of Kepler's Third Law, to calculate the mass.

In other words, in order to " measure" the star mass, we measure ____ quantities and use those values, together with certain equations, to calculate the mass.

Measurement is not a simple and unmediated estimation of independently existing properties, but a determination of certain magnitudes before the background of a ____ of accepted theories.

Based on discoveries in neuroscience, pain and pleasure are formed and ____ in the same area of the brain.

Our bodies constantly strive for homeostasis, which is defined as the ____ of bodily functions.

Without the body's effective compensatory mechanisms, which may cushion ____ highs and lows, we would not be capable of surviving.

Pleasure and pain are like two sides of the ____ coin; they seem to work together and are heavily reliant on one another and keep balance.

If you imagine pleasure and pain as the two ____ points on a scale, you can easily understand that as one of the two points rises, the other must correspondingly fall.

We've all heard the ____, "No pain, no gain."

Well, according to ____ Dr. Anna Lembke, there may be some truth to these words.

She says that our attempts to escape being ____ are in fact making us even more miserable.

This is because pain is actually an essential component of our ability to maintain a neutral state, and allowing it will in turn reset our internal ____ back to balance.

____ masterfully sow seeds of doubt about the adequacy of our current devices.

____, the phone that was your lifeline a year ago is now a museum piece, unable to keep pace with your digital demands.

And thus, the itch to upgrade ____, often before there's a genuine need.

This cycle ____ just confined to our digital companions.

It spills over ____ almost every aspect of consumer electronics, from the self-driving car to the smart fridge.

Every product seems to be on an unstoppable march towards the next version, the next generation that promises to ____ your life.

What's fascinating, or perhaps ____, is the utter efficacy of this cycle in shaping our desires.

It's not so much that we want the newest ____; we're led to believe we need it.

The distinction between want and need blurs, shifting our financial priorities in ____ of staying current with trends.

For all the logical arguments against this ceaseless upgrading, the temptation ____ compelling.

The graph above shows the shares of online sales out of total sales by each of five product categories in ____ and the estimated ones in 2027.

The shares of all five categories are expected to increase by 2027 respectively, while not ____ 50%.

Based on the selected ____, consumer electronics is anticipated to show the biggest gap in the share of online sales between 2023 and 2027.

DIY and furniture showed the same share of online ____ with 29% in 2023 but the share of DIY online sales is estimated to exceed that of furniture online sales by 2027.

The share of beauty care online sales was lower than 20% by 2 percentage points in 2023, but is estimated to be higher than 20% in ____.

In 2023, food showed the lowest share of online sales among the categories, but that share is projected to ____ than double by 2027.

Helen Suzman was an activist against apartheid, a racist political and social ____ in the Republic of South Africa.

Suzman was ____ to Jewish immigrant parents in Germiston in the Union of South Africa in 1917.

While working as a lecturer on economic history at Witwatersrand University, she ____ the South African Institute of Race Relations.

In 1953, she joined the United Party and was ____ to Parliament, but when the United Party adopted a more moderate stance on apartheid, Suzman and other progressive members left it and formed the Progressive Party in 1959.

Suzman tirelessly fought against apartheid, exposing the ____ abuses and challenging its laws for a total of 36 years in Parliament.

Even after her retirement in 1989, she continued to advocate for a multi-racial democracy in the Republic of South Africa and influenced the drafting of the country's new ____ after the end of apartheid.

She remained an active ____ for human rights and democracy until her death in 2009.

____ Place Preference is a way of finding out what animals want.

Researchers train them to associate one place with an experience such as ____ or a loud noise and another place with something completely different, usually where nothing happens.

The two places are made obviously different to ____ it as easy as possible for the animal to associate each place with what happened to it there.

The animal's preference for being in one place or another is measured ____ before and after its experiences in the two places.

If there is a shift in where the animal chooses to ____ its time for the reward, this suggests that it liked the experience and is trying to repeat it.

Conversely, if it now avoids the place the stimulus ____ and starts to prefer the place it did not experience it, then this suggests that it found the stimulus unpleasant.

For example, mice with cancer show a preference for the ____ where they have been given morphine, a drug used to relieve pain, rather than where they have received saline whereas healthy mice developed no such preference.

This suggests that the mice with cancer ____ the morphine.

Near the equator, many species of bird ____ all year round.

But in temperate and polar regions, the ____ seasons of birds are often sharply defined.

They are triggered ____ by changes in day length.

If all goes well, the outcome is that birds raise their ____ when the food supply is at its peak.

Most birds are not simply reluctant to ____ at other times but they are also physically incapable of doing so.

This is because their reproductive ____ shrinks, which helps flying birds save weight.

The main exception to this ____ are nomadic desert species.

These can initiate their breeding cycle within days of ____.

____ for making the most of the sudden breeding opportunity.

Also, different species divide the breeding ____ up in different ways.

Most seabirds raise a single ____.

In warm regions, however, songbirds may raise several families in a ____ months.

In an exceptionally good year, a pair of House Sparrows, a kind of songbird, ____ raise successive broods through a marathon reproductive effort.